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Early Life and Education

Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko has served as President of Belarus since the establishment of the office 26 years ago, on 20 July 1994. He held his office as President of Belarus over a long time. He was born on 31 August 1954 in the town of Kopys, Orsha District, Vitebsk Oblast of the Byelorussian Soviet Social Republic. He has been born and brought up by a single and unmarried mother, leading him to be taunted by his schoolmates for not having a father. He grew up solely under the parentage of his mother, Ekaterina Trofimovna Lukashenko (1924-2015), who worked as a milkmaid. He went to Alexandria secondary school. He graduated from the Mogilev Pedagogical Institute in 1975. After studying for 4 years, he went to Belarusian Agricultural Academy in 1985. He served as frontier troops in 1975-1977, where he worked as a political instructor of the Western Border District. In addition, he worked as the secretary of the Komsomol committee of the food trade department of Mogilev, instructor of the Oktyabrsky District Executive Committee of Mogilev during 1977–1978.

Early Career

Post his military career, he entered into the politics. He became the executive secretary of the Znaniye Association of Shklov, Deputy Commanding Officer for political work in an army unit, Deputy Director of the agricultural enterprise and construction materials factory in Shklov District. He also worked as a secretary of the Communist Party committee of the state farm. He became an elected member of the parliament of the Republic of Belarus in 1990. He led the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus commission for examining the operation of commercial entities established under the aegis of state administration bodies. Further he acquired a reputation as an articulate opponent of corruption. He was therefore elected in April 1993 to serve as the Interim Chairman of the Anti-corruption committee of the Belarusian parliament. On 10 July 1994, Lukashenko was elected as President of the Republic of Belarus. After a difficult election campaign involving five other candidates, he won by 80.3% of the vote.

Adult Life

Lukashenko married Galina Zhelnerovich in 1975. Following his sons namely Viktor and Dmitry. However, Galina Lukashenko has been antagonized from her husband since shortly after he became President. On 9 September, 2001 Aleksander Lukashenko was re-elected as President of the Republic of Belarus with 75.6% of the vote. Lukashenko fathered a son, Nikolai, who was born in 2004. Although he never confirmed it but the reports say that the child's mother is Irina Abelskaya, Lukashenko's personal doctor. Further report says, Nikolai being groomed as Lukashenko's successor though these speculations were dismissed by Lukashenko, who also denied that he would remain in office for a further thirty years and describes himself as an "Orthodox atheist". On 19 March, 2006 he was elected as President of the Republic of Belarus for the third term with 83% of the vote. He secured a convincing victory at the presidential election with his fourth term as Belarusian President on 19 December, 2010 with 79.6% of the vote. His fifth term as Belarusian President started from 11 October 2015. In 2018, he fired his Prime Minister Andrei Kobyakov and other officials due to a corruption scandal. Also, he undertook two working visits to Russia during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. About the present term of Lukashenko as Belarusian President, on 9 August, 2020, according to the preliminary court he was appointed as the President of Belarus. Subsequently, opposition Presidential candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya claimed she had received between 60 and 70% of the vote and found the Coordination council to facilitate the peaceful and orderly transfer of power in Belarus.

Public Opinion

In Belarus, independent polling system is tightly restricted and surveys are monopolized by the government, either kept private or used as an agitprop. A leaked internal poll reports one-third of the population had trust in Lukashenko. The last credible public poll in Belarus was a 2016 poll showing approximately 30% approval for Lukashensko. Lukashenko is referred to as "Batska" (Big Brother) by his supporters. The people of Belarus showed a significant reaction against the recent 2020 Belarusian Presidential election which was marked by allegations of widespread electoral fraud. A vibrant popular movement has unfolded since May, mass protests culminating in a rally that drew a crowd of 60,000, the largest since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Unlike the previous elections, the voters in Belarus are coming together with skillful use of social media, chiefly Telegram, the encrypted platform allowing people to share information beyond state control. The crowds are coming from various sections of the society, being led by a younger generation, which has organized the huge turnouts in the middle of the coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, the opponents of Lukashenko began to refer him as "Sasha 3%" on the basis that they believed that he was only supported by 3% of the Belarusian population.The term thereafter became a popular meme within the Belarusian opposition appearing on T-shirts and posters. Lukashenko has also been referred to as "Tarakanishche" ("Cockroach") by his opponents in reference to the poem The Monster Cockroach, in which a moustached cockroach inflicts a reign of terror on the other animals before being eaten by a sparrow.

Accomplishment

Alexander Lukashenko is the longest serving President of Belarus since 1994. He has managed to secure the seat as Belarusian President with his convincing victory in the reoccuring elections in Belarus. In parliament Lukashenko created a faction called Communists for Democracy. He was the only deputy to oppose the December 1991 agreement that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Among other things he promoted closer ties with Russia and in the succeeding years signed a number of agreements with Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Thereafter, various forms of union between the two countries. He maintained a close association with conservative communist factions in independent Belarus and had links with similar groups in Russia. In 1994 he addressed the Russian State Duma in Moscow with an appeal for the formation of a new union of Slavic states. In 1996 he persuaded voters to approve a new constitution that gave him sweeping additional powers, including the right to prolong his term in office, to rule by decree, and to appoint one-third of the upper house of parliament He acquired many labels and awards in his military and political field. Once, Alexander Lukashenko said, by addressing participants of the ceremony that he would like the awards to become another milestone on their way to new accomplishments. "Raise new professionals and true patriots of their country." While, he too acquires several Honors and awards, some of them are as follows :- He won the international premium of Andrey Pervozvanny "For Faith and Loyalty" (1995), Special prize of the International Olympic Committee "Gates of Olympus" (2000), Honorary citizen of Yerevan, Armenia (2001), Medal of the International Federation of Festival Organizations "For development of the world festival movement" (2005), Honorary Diploma of the Eurasian Economic Community (2006), Presidential Order of Excellence (Georgia, 2013).

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