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Indo US ties deepen, but not formally

The celebration of Joe Biden’s victory as the newly elected president is occurring all across the US while having some parts of the population still speculating the legitimacy of the election and its result. Well now, due to the change in leadership, there might be a lot of dynamic changes in the political constraints of the country too. The relationship between Washington and New Delhi in the past decade has surely intensified with their diplomatic and defense ties, however, they have not confirmed their alliance to be official yet. At the period of former U.S. President Donald Trump, both the countries (India and the U.S.) signed a set of agreements regarding foundational defense, logistics, and intelligence-sharing among both countries. It ultimately led the Indo-U.S. towards close security cooperation. Mark Thomas Esper, the former U.S. Secretary of Defense, stated that India is going to be the most consequential partner for them. India’s evoked interest in the defense collaboration with the United States is actually a resistance to Chinese expansion. The clash of China with the Indian troops this year led India to a risk of being exposed to dealing with China alone without the support of any other country. China is a powerful country with a strong military capacity. So due to the urgency of the situation, India decided to join hands with the U.S. to solve the common problems. Also, India has extended its association with the Quad—a loose alliance among India, United States, Japan, and Australia. Now, India is presently hosting the first-ever Quad military activity: the Malabar naval war games in the Indian Ocean. Joe Biden is expected to continue the collaboration between New Delhi and Washington. However, he may also attempt to reset its links with China to relieve Sino-U.S. strains and tensions. The restoration of U.S. cooperation with Beijing may affect its relations with India. It may further lead to speculations in New Delhi regarding Washington’s reliability and trust for its future partnership. Therefore, Biden needs to carefully devise a strategy in Asia so it doesn’t push India away.

Ties with QUAD (India, US, Japan, Australia)

The two largest democracies in the Indo-Pacific region, India and the US, along with Australia and Japan, are the members of the Quad. They reflect on mutual interests and values. Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (also known as Quad), is an informal, inter-governmental security forum that is established with a vision of a free and prosperous Indo-Pacific region. The Quad results from the initiative taken by the Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe in 2007, supported by the Vice President Dick Cheney of the US, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India, and Prime Minister John Howard of Australia to counter the shared challenges and promote regional welfare against corruption, exploitation, the pressure of the Chinese Communist Party and a wide range of security and right issues. The cooperation of the Quad becomes more important after China's growing assertiveness in the international waters of the South China Sea in the Indo-Pacific and aggression on all the border regions such as transgressions along the LAC lines with India. According to the States Department Statement, India and the US agreed to further strengthen their tie through US-India-Australia-Japan quadrilateral consultations. On November 17, Indian Navy aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya and the American aircraft carrier USS Nimitz along with other Indian, American, Japanese, and Australian warships clashed at the Malabar-2020 war-game in the Western Indian Ocean Region. India hosted the first phase of the Malabar 2020 exercise from 3 to 6 November in the Bay of Bengal off the Visakhapatnam coast. The second phase of the Malabar 2020 exercise is being conducted from 17 to 20 November in the North Arabian Sea. India invited the Australian Navy for the exercise and Australia came for the annual Malabar naval exercise after a gap of 13 years. The first phase of the drill peeked complex and advanced naval exercises including surface, anti-submarine, and anti-air operations along with weapon firing exercises, deck flying exercises, and seamanship evolutions. According to the officials, the Indian Navy deployed several key platforms in the exercise that include frigate Shivalik, off-shore patrol vessel Sukanya, destroyer Ranvijay, fleet support ship Shakti and submarine Sindhuraj. Beyond the Quad itself, India broadens and deepens its relationship with the US over the last few years. Washington has already increased its foreign military equipment sales and intelligence sharing with India. The US stated the importance of India as a major defense partner, growing military-to-military cooperation, and other defense priorities. Both the countries discussed several issues such as counterterrorism, membership of India in the UN Security Council, support for decent governance, and sustainable growth in the Indo-Pacific region. Thompson and Helvey, both Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, vowed to continue working with India to take the US-India partnership to the next level for the benefit of both the countries, the Indo-Pacific region, and the world.

India's Interest in Defense Collaboration

It was against the background of the increasing threat awareness in India and a building the Sino- Indian security dilemma that the defense alliance between India and the United States has developed. It is China's growth and assertive behavior that has brought a closer relationship between the two dynamic democracies. Evaluating the democratic personality of the two political operations, the gestation of the strategic cooperation between India and the United States has been quite slow. However, the alliance has thrived, with bipartisan help among India's equal political alliance. Then, U.S. Defence Secretary Ashton Carter helped to give an upgrade with the launch of the Defence Trade Technology Initiative (DTTI) in the year 2012. Also, the Indian IT behemoth Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and Lockheed Martin organized a joint investment to generate C-130J Super Hercules airframe components. It was against this environment that former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh visited the United States in September 2013 to contribute to the United Nations General Assembly and kept an aspect meeting with U.S. President Obama. The mutual announcement published by the two sides asserted that the cooperation between the two democratic countries is more powerful today than at any point in 67- year history. The same appointment proceeded, but with added extents and the BJP government came to sovereignty in May 2014. A milestone development in the groundbreaking guard and protection coalition between the two nations was the marking of the new shelf for the U.S.- India Defense Relationship in June 2015. Against the background of China's aggressive behavior, the renaming of the past U.S. Pacific Command as the " Indo-Pacific Command" was yet another strategic move by the United States to collaborate with India. While a detailed-sensitive framework and valid structure for defense alliance is in advancement, there has also been an exponential development in the defense industry between the two nations. India is gearing up to ramp up its ability to meet warnings to its security and territorial sincerity. The two nations also joined the agreement in December 2016 for the management of 145 U.S. made M777 ultra-light guns. It was decided that the first 25 guns would be traded off the shelf, while the prevailing 120 would be compiled in India. The M777s which have been utilized by the U.S. armies in Afghanistan and Iraq will help India ensure its boundaries with China along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Once ready for deployment, the guns will be transferred by heavy-lift Chinook choppers to broadcast location helipads, like the Walong Advanced Landing Ground in Arunachal Pradesh. In his specific style, PM Modi organized the U.S. former President Donald Trump in the city of Gujarat on February 24 current year and amused him in a stirring roadshow from the airport to the Motera Stadium, glorified to be the largest cricket stadium in the nation. During the visit, the India -U.S. alliance was announced to have been expanded to a "Global Comprehensive Strategic Partnership", and PM Modi announced it as one the defining alliances of the 21st century. China was certainly the elephant of this conference, as revealed when Trump compared India's democracy with an unidentified "nation that pursues strength through oppression, pressure, and aggression." During the February visit, Trump declared a defense contract of more than $3 billion, under which India will purchase extra U.S. military material, involving MH-60R naval and AH64E Apache choppers. The missile sales proclaimed earlier this year has an obvious naval direction -an increasing conserve from India, as China's existence in the Indian Ocean is at the peak. The chopper accessions will help enhance the Indian Navy, which presently lacks choppers of a related skill. The Harpoon weapon policy and MK54 grinders will be merged into the P-81 maritime survey airliner for anti-surface conflict goals in defense of crucial sea lanes, while also strengthening the Indian Navy's interoperability with the U.S. and other allied armies.

Sino-US Relations also on the Radar

Sino-US relations refer to the link between China and the United States since the 18th century. The relationship between the two countries has been tough, knotty, and tangled from positive to extremely negative. The economic ties grew speedily after 1980. Since each country is individually established and freelanced. It has been described by world leaders and many reports that Sino-US shared the world's most significant bilateral (political, cultural, economical) relationship of the 21st century. A Biden administration can realize the simplest way to relate with the Indian prime minister additionally. The India-US partnership is crucial and for each country. Biden is additionally quite familiar with Asian nations. He was on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and as a Vice President, Biden visited India in 2013. Biden is a traditionalist; allies and partners are vital for him. In the late 50s and early 60s, the US and India shared similar views and issues regarding China. There was an overlap in their approaches in handling the Chinese challenge. Also, relevant to the time, where there is convergence, there isn't any record. The two sides started conflicting regarding their approach to China even as they continued to check it as a threat. New Delhi hopes the Biden administration too can continue with an associate, aggressive approach against Beijing. At constant time, many in New Delhi believe that it'll be difficult for Biden to decouple economic and strategic problems with China because of the massive bilateral trade. It is visible that several rising China's behaviors have been a key driver of US-India relations. One of the reasons why India and the US have come together and have more need to do with issues regarding certain varieties of China's behavior. These problems vary from China’s ever-changing establishment within the region, Chinese economic behavior, and its impact on the rules-based order within the region. India finds the US useful and helpful in building capabilities like military, economic, technological intelligence from the bilateral perspective. India additionally finds the US as a counterweight to China. Moreover, there's a belief in India that China takes India more seriously because the US takes India seriously. China might not have issues regarding India on the far side of a particular purpose. But the fact that Beijing has been involved regarding the US and India coming closer has given India leverage with the Chinese in a very route now and then. Such a twin and twist relationship will certainly affect the relations between the U.S. and India. This positively raises doubts in New Delhi about Washington reliability.

Threading the needle

The United States is separated from China through a vast ocean. The US does not care about Beijing's increasing assertiveness. In the year 2020, India clung to a strict lockdown phase due to the coronavirus outbreak. While India was aiming to revamp its economy gradually. China sneakily set foot into the borders of India through the high-altitude Ladakh region. Beijing gained some prominent parts and denied to accord the rules and regulations of India and its policies. This created tensions at the Indo-China border. Owing to these tensions, Joe Biden has to keep the certitude, to thread a diplomatic needle to improve relations with China without alienating India. The U.S. Presidents straight from Richard Nixon to Barack Obama helped to raise China. Beijing brought the military force across the South China Sea with the aid of Barack Obama. Before leaving his position, Obama asserted that we have to fear more from a weakened China than a successful rising China. But neighbors around China do not share that estimation. Under the Trump administration, it became a paradigm policy change as he laid that Beijing was the center of attention since the beginning of his presidency and delegated China as the "revisionist power" and "strategic competitor" that convinced India to approach the United States to achieve a bargaining power before China. Another sensitive reason is the softer US approach towards regional allies between Pakistan and China, which causes a significant threat to the high-security costs for India. Also, the threat of increasing the ominous prospect of the war on two fronts. If Biden tries to fix US ties with the Chinese dictatorship, New Delhi would be disappointed undoubtedly. If Biden agrees to exclude the terrorism filter from Pakistan by revamping security aids, the Indian government will have a second thought regarding the US security bandwagon. The statement asserted by Biden contradicts the policies made by the Indian government. Biden spoke against the controversial law of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the 370 articles imposed in India. This may also create a cold war among the two nations owing to opinion differences among both the administrations. While Trump has eventually retained himself from interfering in any interim matters of India to strengthen ties with the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. In the case of Biden, he formerly slams the domestic division and polarization in India. Thus, there are already some major issues encircling, to sour relations with India during Biden's presidency. Therefore, Biden needs to retain the fact of maintaining things with India by threading a diplomatic needle.

Joe Biden's Approach to China and Pakistan

Joe Biden’s Approach to China The million-dollar question is about the future of US-China relations and its implications on India ever since Americans have finally chosen Joe Biden as their President after a long and hard presidential race. In the course of the last couple of years, there has been an acknowledgment in Washington about China's forceful conduct, and there is a fairly bipartisan agreement among the Democrats and the Republicans on China as a vital opponent and a danger. While the Trump organization has been incredibly vocal in India's help over the most recent six months of the border stand-off with China, New Delhi will expect a similar method from the Biden organization too. “Biden’s administration will also work with India to help a guidelines-based and stable Indo-Pacific district in which no nation, including China, can undermine its neighbors without risk of punishment," Biden's campaign document says. While Trump organization authorities including Secretary of State Michael R Pompeo have been attacking the Communist Party of China straightforwardly, the Biden organization's language may be more adjusted. Corresponding to China, unlike Trump, Biden will deal with the bilateral relations with somewhat more sophistication. Sources accept that America's policy to contain China won't change, however, unlike Trump, the Biden organization won't act as forcefully–to boycott the exchange and different things with China. He will seek after his China strategy in a more cultivated manner. The upgraded US organization will attempt to have an agreeable relationship with that nation. Whether President Biden outlines another course or just follows the instilled approach of containing China. Much will rely upon that for India and our inability to put an end to the strain on the LAC. Biden is yet to deliver a detailed China strategy, he has focused on the pandemic and has relied upon human rights in his way to deal with China. Joe Biden’s approach to Pakistan Over the most recent four years, Pakistan experienced a lot of difficulties with the Donald Trump organization because of his direct disposition. Then again, Biden is an old diplomat and has cordial relations with Pakistan. This is the explanation for why Pakistan was hoping for Biden's triumph. Pakistani analysts are of the view that Biden will return to the old era of diplomacy between the two nations. In 2008, Pakistan granted Biden the second-most elevated non-military personnel honor, 'Hilal-e-Pakistan.' Imran Khan, after Biden's tremendous success, tweeted that he expects working with Biden to end illegal tax-havens. The message underscores Pakistan's inclinations with the Biden association's conceivable view on Islamabad's situation at the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Islamabad may not be certain how the Biden organization will see India's function in Afghanistan. Pakistan stays unyielding that India can't have any substantial part in the Afghan peace process. How Pakistan's approach will change if Biden permitted India more function in Afghanistan is unexplained till now. Many in Islamabad hope that under Biden, India won't get a free pass on Kashmir, and human rights violations had been reported there. Previously, Biden has made a lot of commotion about Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Kashmir strategy. Nonetheless, it is unlikely that Biden will push it to a point where it bothers India. It is essential to take note that for the U.S., China will be a vital concern in the area, and India's part in this analytics stays imperative for Washington. Biden may make all the right noises about basic freedom's infringement in Kashmir, yet it is expected that he won't jeopardize the United States' relationship with India. Concerning India, sources have stated, Biden believes there can be no capacity to bear psychological oppression in South Asia—cross-outskirt or something else. The reference here was unquestionable to cross-border terrorism oppression radiating from Pakistan, which had also been a sore point with the Obama organization. Biden organization is also expected to be more critical of common freedoms' infringement, media censorship, and the abuse of minorities in Pakistan. In 2019, the US set Pakistan on the blacklist of nations that disregard religious freedoms. Biden will keep on compelling Islamabad to make enhancements here. Pakistan will face pressure from Washington to ensure the security of its nuclear arsenal during the Biden administration. The Biden administration will also expect actions from Pakistan against armed groups inside its borders that are targeting India. It is possible that under the Biden organization, the India-Pakistan conflict may get more noteworthy coverage and increase the chance of U.S. mediation, yet that will not translate to Islamabad's benefit. The standard content of a transactional relationship driven by the two states' security needs will decide the forms of Pakistan-U.S. bilateral cooperation. With everything taken into account, Biden's triumph in the presidential election is good news for Pakistan. However, Islamabad should work hard to ensure the country’s benefits from the change in the leadership in Washington.

Biden on the India's diplomatic issues of India

Issues that have the potential to sour relations with India during Biden Presidency relate to India's domestic division and polarization. While Trump has not commented on India's internal matter knowing his criticism could strengthen PM Modi's opponent in India but Biden through his official campaign page has already criticized Modi's measures. Both countries have the potential to establish a powerful alliance. However, a softer United States approach towards China and Pakistan could slow India's deal with the US-led security architecture. Indian authority may have second thoughts about hopping on the US security Bandwagon. Biden criticized the CAA- a law that allows citizenship for Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian religious majority from the neighboring Muslim majority countries. Democrat nominee Joe Biden said through his official campaign page decisions are taken by the government of India to implement and aftermath, the national register of citizens has disappointed him. NRC and CAA are volatile with India's long tradition of secularism and sustaining a multi-ethnic and multi-religious democracy. In the same statement, he mentions that the Indian government should take all necessary steps to restore rights for all the people of Kashmir after India revoked article 370. But India has traditionally resented adding such interference and comments on its internal affairs. India's external affairs minister S Jaishankar abruptly canceled a meeting with a member of the US Congress last December after it emerged that representative Pramila Jayapal, an outspoken critic of the Indian government's policies about Kashmir, would attend the meeting. The decision exemplifies the sentiment of Indians over the Kashmir issue. Prime Minister Modi asserts moving in battalions, imposing a curfew, and cutting off the mobile phone and internet access in India's state. During his visit to Washington, the external affair minister Subramanian Jaishankar was to meet the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Indian officials informed the United States committee that Jaishankar would not attend the meeting with the lawmakers if Jayapala would also accompany them in the meeting. Because she supports a resolution urging India to restrict communication, restore the internet, and preserve religious freedom. Biden could attain what Trump failed to accomplish by sealing a trade deal with India. The thriving business between the two countries estimated 150 billion dollars. This commercial exchange may have the United States break China's stranglehold on key global supply chains, especially in the medical sector.

India's Reasons for Optimism

The highest levels of political leadership between India and the United States is committed to forming such a strategic partnership that has been slowly developing since the Clinton administration. India along the United States launched the subsequent steps in Strategic Partnership (NSSP) program in 2004 and later on launched the U.S. - India Strategic Dialogue likewise in 2009. The two nations have a distraught history. They suffered from poor relations through the 20th century and it'll take time to induce the mistrust that exists. The U. S did a significant job in reconciling its relationships with India and encouraging every term for its further relationship. But the imperatives for a long-term U.S.-India partnership area unit are broader and deeper than those behind the U.S. - Pakistan relationship. Recognition of their weaker terms ought to facilitate Americans and Indians to overcome near-term difficulties. Biden had powerfully supported the Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear deal by leading the charge and dealing with both Democrats and Republicans, to secure its approval within the US Congress in 2008. It was during his Vice-Presidency below the Obama administration that the U.S. fulfilled one of New Delhi’s key expectations and officially declared its support for India’s membership in a refined and thickened United Nations Security Council. The United States and India have a long way to go in building a long-lasting, sustainable strategic partnership. Whereas the Bush administration’s decision to allow Lockheed and Boeing to take part in the MMRCA competition wasn't an altruistic act, it was a major gesture and indicative of America’s commitment to the partnership’s future. Unfortunately, India isn't able to build such a reciprocal gesture. We are careful to not lose the forest for the trees. There's still plenty to be positive about in the U.S. - India relationship. Each country could also move

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