diff --git a/lib/chain/chain.js b/lib/chain/chain.js
index bb2280f3..eaa77932 100644
--- a/lib/chain/chain.js
+++ b/lib/chain/chain.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ var constants = bcoin.constants;
 var utils = require('../utils/utils');
 var assert = utils.assert;
 var VerifyError = bcoin.errors.VerifyError;
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * Represents a blockchain.
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ Chain.prototype.isGenesis = function isGenesis(block) {
 
 Chain.prototype.verify = function verify(block, prev, callback) {
   var self = this;
-  var ret = {};
+  var ret = new VerifyResult();
   var i, height, ts, tx, medianTime, commitmentHash;
 
   if (!block.verify(ret)) {
@@ -663,7 +664,7 @@ Chain.prototype.checkInputs = function checkInputs(block, prev, state, callback)
   var height = prev.height + 1;
   var historical = prev.isHistorical();
   var sigops = 0;
-  var ret = {};
+  var ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   if (this.options.spv)
     return callback();
@@ -1174,7 +1175,7 @@ Chain.prototype.isBusy = function isBusy() {
 
 Chain.prototype.add = function add(block, callback) {
   var self = this;
-  var ret = {};
+  var ret;
 
   assert(this.loaded);
 
@@ -1183,6 +1184,8 @@ Chain.prototype.add = function add(block, callback) {
   if (!callback)
     return;
 
+  ret = new VerifyResult();
+
   (function next(block, initial) {
     var hash = block.hash('hex');
     var prevBlock = block.prevBlock;
diff --git a/lib/mempool/mempool.js b/lib/mempool/mempool.js
index 7d207065..e1be0818 100644
--- a/lib/mempool/mempool.js
+++ b/lib/mempool/mempool.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ var BufferWriter = require('../utils/writer');
 var BufferReader = require('../utils/reader');
 var random = require('../crypto/random');
 var VerifyError = bcoin.errors.VerifyError;
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * Represents a mempool.
@@ -521,8 +522,7 @@ Mempool.prototype.addTX = function addTX(tx, callback) {
   var self = this;
   var lockFlags = constants.flags.STANDARD_LOCKTIME_FLAGS;
   var hash = tx.hash('hex');
-  var ret = {};
-  var entry;
+  var ret, entry;
 
   callback = this._lock(addTX, [tx, callback]);
 
@@ -533,6 +533,8 @@ Mempool.prototype.addTX = function addTX(tx, callback) {
 
   assert(!tx.mutable, 'Cannot add mutable TX to mempool.');
 
+  ret = new VerifyResult();
+
   if (tx.ts !== 0) {
     return callback(new VerifyError(tx,
       'alreadyknown',
@@ -799,7 +801,7 @@ Mempool.prototype.verify = function verify(entry, callback) {
   var flags = constants.flags.STANDARD_VERIFY_FLAGS;
   var mandatory = constants.flags.MANDATORY_VERIFY_FLAGS;
   var tx = entry.tx;
-  var ret = {};
+  var ret = new VerifyResult();
   var fee, modFee, now, size, rejectFee, minRelayFee, minRate, count;
 
   if (this.chain.state.hasWitness())
diff --git a/lib/net/pool.js b/lib/net/pool.js
index 0405c385..2dbcac80 100644
--- a/lib/net/pool.js
+++ b/lib/net/pool.js
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ var constants = bcoin.constants;
 var VerifyError = bcoin.errors.VerifyError;
 var NetworkAddress = bcoin.packets.NetworkAddress;
 var InvItem = bcoin.invitem;
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * A pool of peers for handling all network activity.
@@ -733,8 +734,7 @@ Pool.prototype.stopSync = function stopSync() {
 
 Pool.prototype._handleHeaders = function _handleHeaders(headers, peer, callback) {
   var self = this;
-  var ret = {};
-  var last;
+  var ret, last;
 
   callback = this._lock(_handleHeaders, [headers, peer, callback]);
 
@@ -744,6 +744,8 @@ Pool.prototype._handleHeaders = function _handleHeaders(headers, peer, callback)
   if (!this.options.headers)
     return callback();
 
+  ret = new VerifyResult();
+
   this.logger.debug(
     'Received %s headers from peer (%s).',
     headers.length,
diff --git a/lib/primitives/abstractblock.js b/lib/primitives/abstractblock.js
index 46bd848b..38ac4a3f 100644
--- a/lib/primitives/abstractblock.js
+++ b/lib/primitives/abstractblock.js
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ var constants = bcoin.constants;
 var utils = bcoin.utils;
 var crypto = require('../crypto/crypto');
 var assert = utils.assert;
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * The class which all block-like objects inherit from.
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ AbstractBlock.prototype.verify = function verify(ret) {
 
 AbstractBlock.prototype.verifyHeaders = function verifyHeaders(ret) {
   if (!ret)
-    ret = {};
+    ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   // Check proof of work
   if (!utils.testTarget(this.hash(), this.bits)) {
diff --git a/lib/primitives/block.js b/lib/primitives/block.js
index 4eb1994f..c8f12f97 100644
--- a/lib/primitives/block.js
+++ b/lib/primitives/block.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ var crypto = require('../crypto/crypto');
 var assert = utils.assert;
 var constants = bcoin.constants;
 var AbstractBlock = bcoin.abstractblock;
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * Represents a full block.
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ Block.prototype._verify = function _verify(ret) {
   var i, tx, merkle;
 
   if (!ret)
-    ret = {};
+    ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   if (!this.verifyHeaders(ret))
     return false;
diff --git a/lib/primitives/merkleblock.js b/lib/primitives/merkleblock.js
index 5f624855..2b0277c1 100644
--- a/lib/primitives/merkleblock.js
+++ b/lib/primitives/merkleblock.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ var assert = utils.assert;
 var constants = bcoin.constants;
 var DUMMY = new Buffer([0]);
 var AbstractBlock = bcoin.abstractblock;
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * Represents a merkle (filtered) block.
@@ -260,12 +261,7 @@ MerkleBlock.prototype.extractTree = function extractTree() {
   if (hashUsed !== hashes.length)
     return;
 
-  return {
-    root: root.toString('hex'),
-    matches: matches,
-    indexes: indexes,
-    map: map
-  };
+  return new PartialTree(root, matches, indexes, map);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -279,7 +275,7 @@ MerkleBlock.prototype.extractTree = function extractTree() {
 
 MerkleBlock.prototype._verify = function _verify(ret) {
   if (!ret)
-    ret = {};
+    ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   if (!this.verifyHeaders(ret))
     return false;
@@ -621,6 +617,17 @@ MerkleBlock.isMerkleBlock = function isMerkleBlock(obj) {
     && typeof obj.verifyPartial === 'function';
 };
 
+/*
+ * Helpers
+ */
+
+function PartialTree(root, matches, indexes, map) {
+  this.root = root.toString('hex');
+  this.matches = matches;
+  this.indexes = indexes;
+  this.map = map;
+}
+
 /*
  * Expose
  */
diff --git a/lib/primitives/tx.js b/lib/primitives/tx.js
index 9b09e283..e7c432d9 100644
--- a/lib/primitives/tx.js
+++ b/lib/primitives/tx.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ var constants = bcoin.constants;
 var Script = bcoin.script;
 var Stack = bcoin.stack;
 var BufferWriter = require('../utils/writer');
+var VerifyResult = utils.VerifyResult;
 
 /**
  * A static transaction object.
@@ -1149,7 +1150,7 @@ TX.prototype.isSane = function isSane(ret) {
   var i, input, output, size, key;
 
   if (!ret)
-    ret = {};
+    ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   if (this.inputs.length === 0) {
     ret.reason = 'bad-txns-vin-empty';
@@ -1242,7 +1243,7 @@ TX.prototype.isStandard = function isStandard(ret) {
   var nulldata = 0;
 
   if (!ret)
-    ret = {};
+    ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   if (this.version < 1 || this.version > constants.tx.MAX_VERSION) {
     ret.reason = 'version';
@@ -1377,7 +1378,7 @@ TX.prototype.checkInputs = function checkInputs(spendHeight, ret) {
   var i, input, coin, fee, value;
 
   if (!ret)
-    ret = {};
+    ret = new VerifyResult();
 
   for (i = 0; i < this.inputs.length; i++) {
     input = this.inputs[i];
diff --git a/lib/utils/utils.js b/lib/utils/utils.js
index f883e00e..915a40fc 100644
--- a/lib/utils/utils.js
+++ b/lib/utils/utils.js
@@ -2345,3 +2345,13 @@ utils.isName = function isName(key) {
 utils.fastProp = function fastProp(obj) {
   ({ __proto__: obj });
 };
+
+/**
+ * Verication result.
+ * @constructor
+ */
+
+utils.VerifyResult = function VerifyResult() {
+  this.reason = 'unknown';
+  this.score = 0;
+};