diff --git a/lib/bcoin/block.js b/lib/bcoin/block.js
index 4c37c68d..cd1fa3b9 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/block.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/block.js
@@ -42,11 +42,9 @@ function Block(data) {
 
   bcoin.abstractblock.call(this, data);
 
-  this.txs = [];
-
+  this.txs = null;
   this._cbHeight = null;
   this._commitmentHash = null;
-
   this._raw = null;
   this._size = null;
   this._witnessSize = null;
@@ -85,7 +83,13 @@ Block.fromOptions = function fromOptions(data) {
  */
 
 Block.prototype.render = function render(writer) {
-  return this.getRaw(writer);
+  var raw = this.getRaw();
+  if (writer) {
+    writer.writeBytes(raw);
+    writer._witnessSize = raw._witnessSize;
+    return writer;
+  }
+  return raw;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -94,8 +98,16 @@ Block.prototype.render = function render(writer) {
  */
 
 Block.prototype.renderNormal = function renderNormal(writer) {
-  if (!this.hasWitness())
-    return this.getRaw(writer);
+  var raw;
+  if (!this.hasWitness()) {
+    raw = this.getRaw();
+    if (writer) {
+      writer.writeBytes(raw);
+      writer._witnessSize = raw._witnessSize;
+      return writer;
+    }
+    return raw;
+  }
   return this.frameNormal(writer);
 };
 
@@ -105,8 +117,16 @@ Block.prototype.renderNormal = function renderNormal(writer) {
  */
 
 Block.prototype.renderWitness = function renderWitness(writer) {
-  if (this.hasWitness())
-    return this.getRaw(writer);
+  var raw;
+  if (this.hasWitness()) {
+    raw = this.getRaw();
+    if (writer) {
+      writer.writeBytes(raw);
+      writer._witnessSize = raw._witnessSize;
+      return writer;
+    }
+    return raw;
+  }
   return this.frameWitness(writer);
 };
 
@@ -116,25 +136,16 @@ Block.prototype.renderWitness = function renderWitness(writer) {
  * @returns {Buffer}
  */
 
-Block.prototype.getRaw = function getRaw(writer) {
+Block.prototype.getRaw = function getRaw() {
   var raw;
 
   if (this._raw) {
     assert(this._size > 0);
     assert(this._witnessSize >= 0);
-    if (writer) {
-      writer.writeBytes(this._raw);
-      writer._witnessSize = this._raw._witnessSize;
-      return writer;
-    }
     return this._raw;
   }
 
   raw = this.frameWitness();
-  // if (this.hasWitness())
-  //   raw = this.frameWitness();
-  // else
-  //   raw = this.frameNormal();
 
   if (!this.mutable) {
     this._size = raw.length;
@@ -142,12 +153,6 @@ Block.prototype.getRaw = function getRaw(writer) {
     this._raw = raw;
   }
 
-  if (writer) {
-    writer.writeBytes(raw);
-    writer._witnessSize = raw._witnessSize;
-    return writer;
-  }
-
   return raw;
 };
 
@@ -679,13 +684,8 @@ Block.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
  * @returns {Buffer|String}
  */
 
-Block.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
-  var data = this.render();
-
-  if (enc === 'hex')
-    data = data.toString('hex');
-
-  return data;
+Block.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(writer) {
+  return this.render(writer);
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/coins.js b/lib/bcoin/coins.js
index 0bd25a6e..c1ce428e 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/coins.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/coins.js
@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ Coins.prototype.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
   this.hash = options.hash || null;
   this.height = options.height != null ? options.height : -1;
   this.coinbase = options.coinbase || false;
-  this.outputs = options.outputs || [];
+
+  if (options.outputs)
+    this.outputs = options.outputs;
+
   return this;
 };
 
@@ -210,7 +213,6 @@ Coins.prototype.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data, hash, index) {
   this.height = height >>> 1;
   this.hash = hash;
   this.coinbase = (height & 1) !== 0;
-  this.outputs = [];
 
   if (this.height === 0x7fffffff)
     this.height = -1;
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/coinview.js b/lib/bcoin/coinview.js
index 6f9d85d6..a7952481 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/coinview.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/coinview.js
@@ -64,10 +64,12 @@ CoinView.prototype.addTX = function addTX(tx) {
  */
 
 CoinView.prototype.get = function get(hash, index) {
-  if (!this.coins[hash])
+  var coins = this.coins[hash];
+
+  if (!coins)
     return;
 
-  return this.coins[hash].get(index);
+  return coins.get(index);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -78,10 +80,12 @@ CoinView.prototype.get = function get(hash, index) {
  */
 
 CoinView.prototype.has = function has(hash, index) {
-  if (!this.coins[hash])
+  var coins = this.coins[hash];
+
+  if (!coins)
     return false;
 
-  return this.coins[hash].has(index);
+  return coins.has(index);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -92,10 +96,12 @@ CoinView.prototype.has = function has(hash, index) {
  */
 
 CoinView.prototype.spend = function spend(hash, index) {
-  if (!this.coins[hash])
+  var coins = this.coins[hash];
+
+  if (!coins)
     return;
 
-  return this.coins[hash].spend(index);
+  return coins.spend(index);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -105,7 +111,6 @@ CoinView.prototype.spend = function spend(hash, index) {
  */
 
 CoinView.prototype.fillCoins = function fillCoins(tx) {
-  var res = true;
   var i, input, prevout;
 
   for (i = 0; i < tx.inputs.length; i++) {
@@ -113,10 +118,10 @@ CoinView.prototype.fillCoins = function fillCoins(tx) {
     prevout = input.prevout;
     input.coin = this.spend(prevout.hash, prevout.index);
     if (!input.coin)
-      res = false;
+      return false;
   }
 
-  return res;
+  return true;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/hd.js b/lib/bcoin/hd.js
index 0659963e..1d793008 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/hd.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/hd.js
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ Mnemonic.isMnemonic = function isMnemonic(obj) {
 function HD(options, network) {
   if (!options)
     return HD.fromMnemonic(null, network);
-  return HD.fromAny(options, network);
+  return HD.from(options, network);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ HD.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
  * @returns {HDPrivateKey|HDPublicKey}
  */
 
-HD.fromAny = function fromAny(options, network) {
+HD.from = function from(options, network) {
   var xkey;
 
   assert(options, 'Options required.');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/input.js b/lib/bcoin/input.js
index 0d2a91f1..c90c2cbd 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/input.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/input.js
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Outpoint.prototype.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
 };
 
 Outpoint.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
-  return Outpoint().fromJSON(json);
+  return new Outpoint().fromJSON(json);
 };
 
 Outpoint.prototype.fromTX = function fromTX(tx, i) {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Outpoint.prototype.fromTX = function fromTX(tx, i) {
 };
 
 Outpoint.fromTX = function fromTX(tx, i) {
-  return Outpoint().fromTX(tx, i);
+  return new Outpoint().fromTX(tx, i);
 };
 
 Outpoint.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@ Outpoint.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
   };
 };
 
+Outpoint.prototype.inspect = function inspect() {
+  return '<Outpoint: ' + this.hash + '/' + this.index + '>';
+};
+
 /**
  * Represents a transaction input.
  * @exports Input
@@ -373,8 +377,8 @@ Input.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
   return {
     prevout: this.prevout.toJSON(),
     coin: this.coin ? this.coin.toJSON() : null,
-    script: this.script.toRaw().toString('hex'),
-    witness: this.witness.toRaw().toString('hex'),
+    script: this.script.toJSON(),
+    witness: this.witness.toJSON(),
     sequence: this.sequence
   };
 };
@@ -382,8 +386,8 @@ Input.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
 Input.prototype.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
   this.prevout = Outpoint.fromJSON(json.prevout);
   this.coin = json.coin ? bcoin.coin.fromJSON(json.coin) : null;
-  this.script = bcoin.script.fromRaw(json.script, 'hex');
-  this.witness = bcoin.witness.fromRaw(json.witness, 'hex');
+  this.script = bcoin.script.fromJSON(json.script);
+  this.witness = bcoin.witness.fromJSON(json.witness);
   this.sequence = json.sequence;
   return this;
 };
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/output.js b/lib/bcoin/output.js
index a7f1cd69..2f450d00 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/output.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/output.js
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Output.prototype.inspect = function inspect() {
 Output.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
   return {
     value: utils.btc(this.value),
-    script: this.script.toRaw().toString('hex')
+    script: this.script.toJSON()
   };
 };
 
@@ -181,12 +181,15 @@ Output.prototype.getDustThreshold = function getDustThreshold(rate) {
   if (this.script.isUnspendable())
     return 0;
 
-  size = this.toRaw(new BufferWriter()).written;
-  size += 148;
+  size = this.getSize() + 148;
 
   return 3 * bcoin.tx.getMinFee(size, rate);
 };
 
+Output.prototype.getSize = function getSize() {
+  return this.toRaw(bcoin.writer()).written;
+};
+
 /**
  * Test whether the output should be considered dust.
  * @param {Rate?} rate
@@ -205,10 +208,9 @@ Output.prototype.isDust = function isDust(rate) {
  */
 
 Output.prototype.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
-  return Output.fromOptions({
-    value: utils.satoshi(json.value),
-    script: bcoin.script.fromRaw(json.script, 'hex')
-  });
+  this.value = utils.satoshi(json.value);
+  this.script = bcoin.script.fromJSON(json.script);
+  return this;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/peer.js b/lib/bcoin/peer.js
index eefca10c..d8a333fe 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/peer.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/peer.js
@@ -719,11 +719,9 @@ Peer.prototype._onPacket = function onPacket(packet) {
     case 'filterclear':
       return this._handleFilterClear(payload);
     case 'block':
-      // payload = new bcoin.memblock(payload);
       this.fire(cmd, payload);
       break;
     case 'merkleblock':
-      // payload = new bcoin.merkleblock(payload);
       payload.verifyPartial();
       this.lastBlock = payload;
       this.waiting = payload.matches.length;
@@ -731,7 +729,6 @@ Peer.prototype._onPacket = function onPacket(packet) {
         this._flushMerkle();
       break;
     case 'tx':
-      // payload = new bcoin.tx(payload);
       if (this.lastBlock) {
         if (this.lastBlock.hasTX(payload)) {
           this.lastBlock.addTX(payload);
@@ -812,9 +809,6 @@ Peer.prototype._handleFilterClear = function _handleFilterClear(payload) {
 };
 
 Peer.prototype._handleUTXOs = function _handleUTXOs(payload) {
-  payload.coins = payload.coins(function(coin) {
-    return new bcoin.coin(coin);
-  });
   bcoin.debug('Received %d utxos (%s).',
     payload.coins.length, this.hostname);
   this.fire('utxos', payload);
@@ -1574,11 +1568,6 @@ Peer.prototype._handleHeaders = function _handleHeaders(headers) {
     this.setMisbehavior(100);
     return;
   }
-
-  headers = headers.map(function(header) {
-    return new bcoin.headers(header);
-  });
-
   this.fire('headers', headers);
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js b/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js
index 4d9d5e00..535886da 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ Parser.parseUTXOs = function parseUTXOs(p) {
     coin = bcoin.output.fromRaw(p);
     coin.version = version;
     coin.height = height;
-    coins.push(coin);
+    coins.push(new bcoin.coin(coin));
   }
 
   return {
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/script.js b/lib/bcoin/script.js
index 2f68ceca..e6377926 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/script.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/script.js
@@ -276,6 +276,14 @@ Witness.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(writer) {
   return p;
 };
 
+Witness.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
+  return this.toRaw().toString('hex');
+};
+
+Witness.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
+  return Witness.fromRaw(json, 'hex');
+};
+
 /**
  * Unshift an item onto the witness vector.
  * @param {Number|String|Buffer|BN} data
@@ -1169,6 +1177,14 @@ Script.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(writer) {
   return this.raw;
 };
 
+Script.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
+  return this.toRaw().toString('hex');
+};
+
+Script.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
+  return Script.fromRaw(json, 'hex');
+};
+
 /**
  * Get the script's "subscript" starting at a separator.
  * @param {Number?} lastSep - The last separator to sign/verify beyond.
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/tx.js b/lib/bcoin/tx.js
index 26932221..0c2fe161 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/tx.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/tx.js
@@ -93,29 +93,17 @@ TX.prototype.fromOptions = function fromOptions(data) {
 
   this.version = data.version;
   this.flag = data.flag;
-  this.inputs = [];
-  this.outputs = [];
   this.locktime = data.locktime;
   this.ts = data.ts || 0;
   this.block = data.block || null;
   this.index = data.index != null ? data.index : -1;
   this.ps = this.ts === 0 ? (data.ps != null ? data.ps : utils.now()) : 0;
   this.height = data.height != null ? data.height : -1;
-  this.mutable = false;
-
-  this._hash = null;
-  this._whash = null;
 
   this._raw = data._raw || null;
   this._size = data._size || null;
   this._witnessSize = data._witnessSize != null ? data._witnessSize : null;
 
-  this._outputValue = null;
-  this._inputValue = null;
-  this._hashPrevouts = null;
-  this._hashSequence = null;
-  this._hashOutputs = null;
-
   for (i = 0; i < data.inputs.length; i++)
     this.inputs.push(new bcoin.input(data.inputs[i]));
 
@@ -1974,8 +1962,6 @@ TX.prototype.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
 
   inCount = p.readVarint();
 
-  this.inputs = [];
-
   for (i = 0; i < inCount; i++) {
     input = bcoin.input.fromRaw(p);
     input.witness = new bcoin.witness();
@@ -1984,8 +1970,6 @@ TX.prototype.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
 
   outCount = p.readVarint();
 
-  this.outputs = [];
-
   for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++)
     this.outputs.push(bcoin.output.fromRaw(p));
 
@@ -2022,15 +2006,11 @@ TX.prototype.fromWitness = function fromWitness(data) {
 
   inCount = p.readVarint();
 
-  this.inputs = [];
-
   for (i = 0; i < inCount; i++)
     this.inputs.push(bcoin.input.fromRaw(p));
 
   outCount = p.readVarint();
 
-  this.outputs = [];
-
   for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++)
     this.outputs.push(bcoin.output.fromRaw(p));
 
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/wallet.js b/lib/bcoin/wallet.js
index 6d53ad41..fec5382f 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/wallet.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/wallet.js
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function Wallet(options) {
     master = bcoin.hd.fromMnemonic(null, this.network);
 
   if (!bcoin.hd.isHD(master) && !MasterKey.isMasterKey(master))
-    master = bcoin.hd.fromAny(master, this.network);
+    master = bcoin.hd.from(master, this.network);
 
   if (!MasterKey.isMasterKey(master))
     master = MasterKey.fromKey(master);