diff --git a/lib/bcoin/keyring.js b/lib/bcoin/keyring.js
index d75726f6..a0609639 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/keyring.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/keyring.js
@@ -30,11 +30,30 @@ var BufferWriter = require('./writer');
  */
 
 function KeyRing(options) {
-  var i;
-
   if (!(this instanceof KeyRing))
     return new KeyRing(options);
 
+  this.network = null;
+  this.type = null;
+  this.m = 1;
+  this.n = 1;
+  this.witness = false;
+  this.name = null;
+  this.account = 0;
+  this.change = 0;
+  this.index = 0;
+  this.key = null;
+  this.keys = [];
+
+  this.addressMap = null;
+
+  if (options)
+    this.fromOptions(options);
+}
+
+KeyRing.prototype.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
+  var i;
+
   this.network = bcoin.network.get(options.network);
   this.type = options.type || 'pubkeyhash';
   this.m = options.m || 1;
@@ -50,8 +69,6 @@ function KeyRing(options) {
   if (this.n > 1)
     this.type = 'multisig';
 
-  this.addressMap = null;
-
   assert(this.type === 'pubkeyhash' || this.type === 'multisig');
 
   if (this.m < 1 || this.m > this.n)
@@ -63,7 +80,13 @@ function KeyRing(options) {
     for (i = 0; i < options.keys.length; i++)
       this.addKey(options.keys[i]);
   }
-}
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+KeyRing.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
+  return new KeyRing().fromOptions(options);
+};
 
 /**
  * Add a key to shared keys.
@@ -553,20 +576,23 @@ KeyRing.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
  * @returns {KeyRing}
  */
 
+KeyRing.prototype.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
+  this.nework = bcoin.network.get(json.network);
+  this.type = json.type;
+  this.m = json.m;
+  this.n = json.n;
+  this.witness = json.witness;
+  this.name = json.name;
+  this.account = json.account;
+  this.change = json.change;
+  this.index = json.index;
+  this.key = utils.fromBase58(json.key);
+  this.keys = json.keys.map(utils.fromBase58);
+  return this;
+};
+
 KeyRing.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
-  return new KeyRing({
-    nework: json.network,
-    type: json.type,
-    m: json.m,
-    n: json.n,
-    witness: json.witness,
-    name: json.name,
-    account: json.account,
-    change: json.change,
-    index: json.index,
-    key: utils.fromBase58(json.key),
-    keys: json.keys.map(utils.fromBase58)
-  });
+  return new KeyRing().fromJSON(json);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -604,38 +630,32 @@ KeyRing.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(writer) {
  * @returns {KeyRing}
  */
 
-KeyRing.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
+KeyRing.prototype.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
   var p = new BufferReader(data);
-  var network = bcoin.network.fromMagic(p.readU32());
-  var type = p.readU8() === 0 ? 'pubkeyhash' : 'multisig';
-  var m = p.readU8();
-  var n = p.readU8();
-  var witness = p.readU8() === 1;
-  var name = p.readVarString('utf8');
-  var account = p.readU32();
-  var change = p.readU32();
-  var index = p.readU32();
-  var key = p.readVarBytes();
-  var count = p.readU8();
-  var keys = [];
-  var i;
+  var i, count;
+
+  this.network = bcoin.network.fromMagic(p.readU32());
+  this.type = p.readU8() === 0 ? 'pubkeyhash' : 'multisig';
+  this.m = p.readU8();
+  this.n = p.readU8();
+  this.witness = p.readU8() === 1;
+  this.name = p.readVarString('utf8');
+  this.account = p.readU32();
+  this.change = p.readU32();
+  this.index = p.readU32();
+  this.key = p.readVarBytes();
+  this.keys = [];
+
+  count = p.readU8();
 
   for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-    keys.push(p.readVarBytes());
+    this.keys.push(p.readVarBytes());
 
-  return new KeyRing({
-    nework: network,
-    type: type,
-    m: m,
-    n: n,
-    witness: witness,
-    name: name,
-    account: account,
-    change: change,
-    index: index,
-    key: key,
-    keys: keys
-  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+KeyRing.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
+  return new KeyRing().fromRaw(data);
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/wallet.js b/lib/bcoin/wallet.js
index 5f168595..a6006cb6 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/wallet.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/wallet.js
@@ -2286,16 +2286,30 @@ function MasterKey(options) {
   if (!(this instanceof MasterKey))
     return new MasterKey(options);
 
+  this.encrypted = false;
+  this.xprivkey = null;
+  this.phrase = null;
+  this.passphrase = null;
+  this.key = null;
+  this.timer = null;
+  this._destroy = this.destroy.bind(this);
+}
+
+MasterKey.prototype.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
   this.encrypted = !!options.encrypted;
   this.xprivkey = options.xprivkey;
   this.phrase = options.phrase;
   this.passphrase = options.passphrase;
   this.key = options.key || null;
-  this.timer = null;
-  this._destroy = this.destroy.bind(this);
 
   assert(this.encrypted ? !this.key : this.key);
-}
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+MasterKey.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
+  return new MasterKey().fromOptions(options);
+};
 
 /**
  * Decrypt the key and set a timeout to destroy decrypted data.
@@ -2444,7 +2458,7 @@ MasterKey.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(writer) {
     p.writeU8(0);
   }
 
-  p.writeBytes(this.xprivkey);
+  p.writeVarBytes(this.xprivkey);
 
   if (!writer)
     p = p.render();
@@ -2457,29 +2471,26 @@ MasterKey.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(writer) {
  * @returns {MasterKey}
  */
 
-MasterKey.fromRaw = function fromRaw(raw) {
+MasterKey.prototype.fromRaw = function fromRaw(raw) {
   var p = new BufferReader(raw);
-  var encrypted, phrase, passphrase, xprivkey, key;
 
-  encrypted = p.readU8() === 1;
+  this.encrypted = p.readU8() === 1;
 
   if (p.readU8() === 1) {
-    phrase = p.readVarBytes();
-    passphrase = p.readVarBytes();
+    this.phrase = p.readVarBytes();
+    this.passphrase = p.readVarBytes();
   }
 
-  xprivkey = p.readBytes(82);
+  this.xprivkey = p.readVarBytes();
 
-  if (!encrypted)
-    key = bcoin.hd.fromRaw(xprivkey);
+  if (!this.encrypted)
+    this.key = bcoin.hd.fromRaw(this.xprivkey);
 
-  return new MasterKey({
-    encrypted: encrypted,
-    phrase: phrase,
-    passphrase: passphrase,
-    xprivkey: xprivkey,
-    key: key
-  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+MasterKey.fromRaw = function fromRaw(raw) {
+  return new MasterKey().fromRaw(raw);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -2488,21 +2499,22 @@ MasterKey.fromRaw = function fromRaw(raw) {
  * @returns {MasterKey}
  */
 
-MasterKey.fromKey = function fromKey(key) {
-  var phrase, passphrase;
+MasterKey.prototype.fromKey = function fromKey(key) {
+  this.encrypted = false;
 
   if (key.mnemonic) {
-    phrase = new Buffer(key.mnemonic.phrase, 'utf8');
-    passphrase = new Buffer(key.mnemonic.passphrase, 'utf8');
+    this.phrase = new Buffer(key.mnemonic.phrase, 'utf8');
+    this.passphrase = new Buffer(key.mnemonic.passphrase, 'utf8');
   }
 
-  return new MasterKey({
-    encrypted: false,
-    phrase: phrase,
-    passphrase: passphrase,
-    xprivkey: key.toRaw(),
-    key: key
-  });
+  this.xprivkey = key.toRaw();
+  this.key = key;
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+MasterKey.fromKey = function fromKey(key) {
+  return new MasterKey().fromKey(key);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -2540,33 +2552,31 @@ MasterKey.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
  * @returns {MasterKey}
  */
 
-MasterKey.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
-  var phrase, passphrase, xprivkey, key;
+MasterKey.prototype.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
+  this.encrypted = json.encrypted;
 
   if (json.encrypted) {
     if (json.phrase) {
-      phrase = new Buffer(json.phrase, 'hex');
-      passphrase = new Buffer(json.passphrase, 'hex');
+      this.phrase = new Buffer(json.phrase, 'hex');
+      this.passphrase = new Buffer(json.passphrase, 'hex');
     }
-    xprivkey = new Buffer(json.xprivkey, 'hex');
+    this.xprivkey = new Buffer(json.xprivkey, 'hex');
   } else {
     if (json.phrase) {
-      phrase = new Buffer(json.phrase, 'utf8');
-      passphrase = new Buffer(json.passphrase, 'utf8');
+      this.phrase = new Buffer(json.phrase, 'utf8');
+      this.passphrase = new Buffer(json.passphrase, 'utf8');
     }
-    xprivkey = utils.fromBase58(json.xprivkey);
+    this.xprivkey = utils.fromBase58(json.xprivkey);
   }
 
   if (!json.encrypted)
-    key = bcoin.hd.fromRaw(xprivkey);
+    this.key = bcoin.hd.fromRaw(xprivkey);
 
-  return new MasterKey({
-    encrypted: json.encrypted,
-    phrase: phrase,
-    passphrase: passphrase,
-    xprivkey: xprivkey,
-    key: key
-  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+MasterKey.fromJSON = function fromJSON(key) {
+  return new MasterKey().fromJSON(key);
 };
 
 /**