diff --git a/lib/http/server.js b/lib/http/server.js
index e59c0537..c82427e0 100644
--- a/lib/http/server.js
+++ b/lib/http/server.js
@@ -757,6 +757,7 @@ HTTPServer.prototype._init = function _init() {
   // Create account
   this.post('/wallet/:id/account/:account?', con(function* (req, res, send, next) {
     var options = req.options;
+    var passphrase = options.passphrase;
     var account;
 
     if (typeof options.account === 'string') {
@@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ HTTPServer.prototype._init = function _init() {
       options.account = null;
     }
 
-    account = yield req.wallet.createAccount(req.options);
+    account = yield req.wallet.createAccount(options, passphrase);
 
     if (!account)
       return send(404);
@@ -830,24 +831,27 @@ HTTPServer.prototype._init = function _init() {
   // Send TX
   this.post('/wallet/:id/send', con(function* (req, res, send, next) {
     var options = req.options;
-    var tx = yield req.wallet.send(options);
+    var passphrase = options.passphrase;
+    var tx = yield req.wallet.send(options, passphrase);
     send(200, tx.toJSON());
   }));
 
   // Create TX
   this.post('/wallet/:id/create', con(function* (req, res, send, next) {
     var options = req.options;
+    var passphrase = options.passphrase;
     var tx = yield req.wallet.createTX(options);
-    yield req.wallet.sign(tx, options);
+    yield req.wallet.sign(tx, passphrase);
     send(200, tx.toJSON());
   }));
 
   // Sign TX
   this.post('/wallet/:id/sign', con(function* (req, res, send, next) {
     var options = req.options;
+    var passphrase = options.passphrase;
     var tx = req.options.tx;
     enforce(tx, 'TX is required.');
-    yield req.wallet.sign(tx, options);
+    yield req.wallet.sign(tx, passphrase);
     send(200, tx.toJSON());
   }));
 
diff --git a/lib/wallet/wallet.js b/lib/wallet/wallet.js
index f8063be0..59c0bd3f 100644
--- a/lib/wallet/wallet.js
+++ b/lib/wallet/wallet.js
@@ -188,15 +188,16 @@ Wallet.fromOptions = function fromOptions(db, options) {
  */
 
 Wallet.prototype.init = co(function* init(options) {
+  var passphrase = options.passphrase;
   var account;
 
   assert(!this.initialized);
   this.initialized = true;
 
-  if (options.passphrase)
-    yield this.master.encrypt(options.passphrase);
+  if (passphrase)
+    yield this.master.encrypt(passphrase);
 
-  account = yield this._createAccount(options);
+  account = yield this._createAccount(options, passphrase);
   assert(account);
 
   this.account = account;
@@ -667,10 +668,10 @@ Wallet.prototype.getToken = function getToken(master, nonce) {
  * @returns {Promise} - Returns {@link Account}.
  */
 
-Wallet.prototype.createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options) {
+Wallet.prototype.createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options, passphrase) {
   var unlock = yield this.writeLock.lock();
   try {
-    return yield this._createAccount(options);
+    return yield this._createAccount(options, passphrase);
   } finally {
     unlock();
   }
@@ -682,9 +683,7 @@ Wallet.prototype.createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options) {
  * @returns {Promise} - Returns {@link Account}.
  */
 
-Wallet.prototype._createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options) {
-  var passphrase = options.passphrase;
-  var timeout = options.timeout;
+Wallet.prototype._createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options, passphrase) {
   var name = options.name;
   var key, master, account, exists;
 
@@ -696,7 +695,7 @@ Wallet.prototype._createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options) {
   if (exists)
     throw new Error('Account already exists.');
 
-  master = yield this.unlock(passphrase, timeout);
+  master = yield this.unlock(passphrase);
 
   if (this.watchOnly && options.accountKey) {
     key = options.accountKey;
@@ -758,14 +757,14 @@ Wallet.prototype._createAccount = co(function* createAccount(options) {
  * @returns {Promise} - Returns {@link Account}.
  */
 
-Wallet.prototype.ensureAccount = co(function* ensureAccount(options) {
+Wallet.prototype.ensureAccount = co(function* ensureAccount(options, passphrase) {
   var name = options.name;
   var account = yield this.getAccount(name);
 
   if (account)
     return account;
 
-  return yield this.createAccount(options);
+  return yield this.createAccount(options, passphrase);
 });
 
 /**
@@ -1442,10 +1441,10 @@ Wallet.prototype.createTX = co(function* createTX(options, force) {
  * @returns {Promise} - Returns {@link TX}.
  */
 
-Wallet.prototype.send = co(function* send(options) {
+Wallet.prototype.send = co(function* send(options, passphrase) {
   var unlock = yield this.fundLock.lock();
   try {
-    return yield this._send(options);
+    return yield this._send(options, passphrase);
   } finally {
     unlock();
   }
@@ -1459,10 +1458,10 @@ Wallet.prototype.send = co(function* send(options) {
  * @returns {Promise} - Returns {@link TX}.
  */
 
-Wallet.prototype._send = co(function* send(options) {
+Wallet.prototype._send = co(function* send(options, passphrase) {
   var tx = yield this.createTX(options, true);
 
-  yield this.sign(tx, options);
+  yield this.sign(tx, passphrase);
 
   if (!tx.isSigned())
     throw new Error('TX could not be fully signed.');
@@ -1760,19 +1759,13 @@ Wallet.prototype.template = co(function* template(tx) {
  * of inputs scripts built and signed).
  */
 
-Wallet.prototype.sign = co(function* sign(tx, options) {
+Wallet.prototype.sign = co(function* sign(tx, passphrase) {
   var rings;
 
-  if (!options)
-    options = {};
-
-  if (typeof options === 'string' || Buffer.isBuffer(options))
-    options = { passphrase: options };
-
   if (this.watchOnly)
     throw new Error('Cannot sign from a watch-only wallet.');
 
-  yield this.unlock(options.passphrase, options.timeout);
+  yield this.unlock(passphrase);
 
   rings = yield this.deriveInputs(tx);
 
diff --git a/test/wallet-test.js b/test/wallet-test.js
index 4143f0fe..3178ccbe 100644
--- a/test/wallet-test.js
+++ b/test/wallet-test.js
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ describe('Wallet', function() {
 
     // Should fail
     try {
-      yield w.sign(t2, { passphrase: 'bar' });
+      yield w.sign(t2, 'bar');
     } catch (e) {
       err = e;
     }
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ describe('Wallet', function() {
     assert(!t2.verify());
 
     // Should succeed
-    yield w.sign(t2, { passphrase: 'foo' });
+    yield w.sign(t2, 'foo');
     assert(t2.verify());
   }));