diff --git a/lib/bcoin/block.js b/lib/bcoin/block.js
index 42a5ff62..e60f1fd6 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/block.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/block.js
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Block._fromCompact = function _fromCompact(json) {
 
   raw = new Buffer(json.block, 'hex');
 
-  parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   data = parser.parseBlock(raw);
 
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ Block.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 Block._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc, type) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/blockdb.js b/lib/bcoin/blockdb.js
index ddb0d892..107e2d45 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/blockdb.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/blockdb.js
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ function BlockDB(options) {
 
   this.options = options;
 
-  this.parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  this.parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   this.data = new BlockData(options);
 
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/coin.js b/lib/bcoin/coin.js
index e5064980..3b87b7a8 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/coin.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/coin.js
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Coin.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 Coin._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/compactblock.js b/lib/bcoin/compactblock.js
index bb2c2dc0..d7f45c81 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/compactblock.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/compactblock.js
@@ -38,9 +38,16 @@ CompactBlock.prototype.getCoinbaseHeight = function getCoinbaseHeight() {
 };
 
 CompactBlock.prototype.toBlock = function toBlock(peer) {
-  var block = peer.parser.parseBlock(this._raw);
-  if (!block)
+  var block;
+
+  // XXX Hack
+  try {
+    block = bcoin.protocol.parser.parseBlock(this._raw);
+  } catch (e) {
+    peer.parser.emit('error', e);
     return;
+  }
+
   return new bcoin.block(block);
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/headers.js b/lib/bcoin/headers.js
index 744e9ebf..3d0a44ae 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/headers.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/headers.js
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Headers.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 Headers._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/input.js b/lib/bcoin/input.js
index 6fbb35c2..60ecfe8b 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/input.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/input.js
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ Input.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 Input._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/merkleblock.js b/lib/bcoin/merkleblock.js
index 2370bedd..cfade6d1 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/merkleblock.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/merkleblock.js
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ MerkleBlock.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 MerkleBlock._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/mtx.js b/lib/bcoin/mtx.js
index 8f823514..efaee05d 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/mtx.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/mtx.js
@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ MTX._fromCompact = function _fromCompact(json) {
   assert.equal(json.type, 'tx');
 
   raw = new Buffer(json.tx, 'hex');
-  data = new bcoin.protocol.parser().parseTX(raw);
+  data = bcoin.protocol.parser.parseTX(raw);
 
   data.height = json.height;
   data.block = json.block;
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ MTX.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 MTX._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/output.js b/lib/bcoin/output.js
index 7d605e22..50c4ecff 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/output.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/output.js
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ Output.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 Output._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/protocol/framer.js b/lib/bcoin/protocol/framer.js
index 0404abfb..5052f166 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/protocol/framer.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/protocol/framer.js
@@ -56,7 +56,84 @@ Framer.prototype.packet = function packet(cmd, payload) {
   return Buffer.concat([h, payload]);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype._addr = function addr(data, full) {
+Framer.prototype.version = function version(packet) {
+  return this.packet('version', Framer.version(packet, this.agent));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.verack = function verack() {
+  return this.packet('verack', Framer.verack());
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.inv = function inv(items) {
+  return this.packet('inv', Framer.inv(items));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.getData = function getData(items) {
+  return this.packet('getdata', Framer.getData(items));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.notFound = function notFound(items) {
+  return this.packet('notfound', Framer.notFound(items));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.ping = function ping(data) {
+  return this.packet('ping', Framer.ping(data));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.pong = function pong(data) {
+  return this.packet('pong', Framer.pong(data));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.filterLoad = function filterLoad(bloom, update) {
+  return this.packet('filterload', Framer.filterLoad(bloom, update));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.filterClear = function filterClear() {
+  return this.packet('filterclear', Framer.filterClear());
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.getHeaders = function getHeaders(hashes, stop) {
+  return this.packet('getheaders', Framer.getHeaders(hashes, stop));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.getBlocks = function getBlocks(hashes, stop) {
+  return this.packet('getblocks', Framer.getBlocks(hashes, stop));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.utxo =
+Framer.prototype.coin = function _coin(coin) {
+  return this.packet('utxo', Framer.coin(coin, false));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.tx = function tx(tx) {
+  return this.packet('tx', Framer.tx(block));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.block = function _block(block) {
+  return this.packet('block', Framer.block(block));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.merkleBlock = function merkleBlock(block) {
+  return this.packet('merkleblock', Framer.merkleBlock(block));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.headers = function headers(block) {
+  return this.packet('headers', Framer.headers(block));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.reject = function reject(details) {
+  return this.packet('reject', Framer.reject(details));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.addr = function addr(peers) {
+  return this.packet('addr', Framer.addr(peers));
+};
+
+Framer.prototype.mempool = function mempool() {
+  return this.packet('mempool', Framer.mempool());
+};
+
+Framer.address = function addr(data, full) {
   var p = new Buffer(26 + (full ? 4 : 0));
   var off = 0;
 
@@ -102,11 +179,14 @@ Framer.prototype._addr = function addr(data, full) {
   return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.version = function version(packet) {
+Framer.version = function version(packet, agent) {
   var off = 0;
   var p, i, remote, local;
 
-  p = new Buffer(85 + utils.sizeIntv(this.agent.length) + this.agent.length);
+  if (!agent)
+    agent = new Buffer(constants.userAgent, 'ascii');
+
+  p = new Buffer(85 + utils.sizeIntv(agent.length) + agent.length);
 
   if (!packet)
     packet = {};
@@ -121,11 +201,11 @@ Framer.prototype.version = function version(packet) {
   off += utils.write64(p, utils.now(), off);
 
   // Their address (recv)
-  remote = this._addr(packet.remote || {});
+  remote = Framer.address(packet.remote || {});
   off += utils.copy(remote, p, off);
 
   // Our address (from)
-  local = this._addr(packet.local || {});
+  local = Framer.address(packet.local || {});
   off += utils.copy(local, p, off);
 
   // Nonce, very dramatic
@@ -134,8 +214,8 @@ Framer.prototype.version = function version(packet) {
   assert.equal(off, 80);
 
   // User-agent
-  off += utils.writeIntv(p, this.agent.length, off);
-  off += utils.copy(this.agent, p, off);
+  off += utils.writeIntv(p, agent.length, off);
+  off += utils.copy(agent, p, off);
 
   // Start height
   off += utils.writeU32(p, packet.height || 0, off);
@@ -145,14 +225,14 @@ Framer.prototype.version = function version(packet) {
 
   assert(off === p.length);
 
-  return this.packet('version', p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.verack = function verack() {
-  return this.packet('verack', new Buffer([]));
+Framer.verack = function verack() {
+  return new Buffer([]);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype._inv = function _inv(command, items) {
+Framer._inv = function _inv(items) {
   var p, i, hash;
   var off = 0;
 
@@ -174,34 +254,34 @@ Framer.prototype._inv = function _inv(command, items) {
     off += utils.copy(hash, p, off);
   }
 
-  return this.packet(command, p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.inv = function inv(items) {
-  return this._inv('inv', items);
+Framer.inv = function inv(items) {
+  return Framer._inv(items);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.getData = function getData(items) {
-  return this._inv('getdata', items);
+Framer.getData = function getData(items) {
+  return Framer._inv(items);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.notFound = function notFound(items) {
-  return this._inv('notfound', items);
+Framer.notFound = function notFound(items) {
+  return Framer._inv(items);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.ping = function ping(data) {
+Framer.ping = function ping(data) {
   var p = new Buffer(8);
   utils.writeU64(p, data.nonce, 0);
-  return this.packet('ping', p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.pong = function pong(data) {
+Framer.pong = function pong(data) {
   var p = new Buffer(8);
   utils.writeU64(p, data.nonce, 0);
-  return this.packet('pong', p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.filterLoad = function filterLoad(bloom, update) {
+Framer.filterLoad = function filterLoad(bloom, update) {
   var filter = bloom.toBuffer();
   var p = new Buffer(utils.sizeIntv(filter.length) + filter.length + 9);
   var off = 0;
@@ -218,31 +298,31 @@ Framer.prototype.filterLoad = function filterLoad(bloom, update) {
   // nFlags
   p[off++] = constants.filterFlags[update];
 
-  return this.packet('filterload', p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.filterClear = function filterClear() {
-  return this.packet('filterclear', new Buffer([]));
+Framer.filterClear = function filterClear() {
+  return new Buffer([]);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.getHeaders = function getHeaders(hashes, stop) {
-  return this._getBlocks('getheaders', hashes, stop);
+Framer.getHeaders = function getHeaders(hashes, stop) {
+  // NOTE: getheaders can have a null hash
+  if (!hashes)
+    hashes = [];
+
+  return Framer._getBlocks(hashes, stop);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.getBlocks = function getBlocks(hashes, stop) {
-  return this._getBlocks('getblocks', hashes, stop);
+Framer.getBlocks = function getBlocks(hashes, stop) {
+  return Framer._getBlocks(hashes, stop);
 };
 
-Framer.prototype._getBlocks = function _getBlocks(cmd, hashes, stop) {
+Framer._getBlocks = function _getBlocks(hashes, stop) {
   var p, i, hash, len;
   var off = 0;
 
   p = new Buffer(4 + utils.sizeIntv(hashes.length) + 32 * (hashes.length + 1));
 
-  // getheaders can have a null hash
-  if (cmd === 'getheaders' && !hashes)
-    hashes = [];
-
   off += utils.writeU32(p, constants.version, off);
   off += utils.writeIntv(p, hashes.length, off);
 
@@ -253,9 +333,7 @@ Framer.prototype._getBlocks = function _getBlocks(cmd, hashes, stop) {
       hash = new Buffer(hash, 'hex');
 
     len = utils.copy(hash, p, off);
-
-    for (; len < 32; len++)
-      p[off + len] = 0;
+    assert(len === 32);
 
     off += len;
   }
@@ -264,16 +342,16 @@ Framer.prototype._getBlocks = function _getBlocks(cmd, hashes, stop) {
     if (typeof stop === 'string')
       stop = new Buffer(stop, 'hex');
     len = utils.copy(stop, p, off);
+    assert(len === 32);
   } else {
     len = 0;
+    for (; len < 32; len++)
+      p[off + len] = 0;
   }
 
-  for (; len < 32; len++)
-    p[off + len] = 0;
-
   assert.equal(off + len, p.length);
 
-  return this.packet(cmd, p);
+  return p;
 };
 
 Framer.input = function _input(input) {
@@ -310,6 +388,7 @@ Framer.output = function _output(output) {
   return p;
 };
 
+Framer.utxo =
 Framer.coin = function _coin(coin, extended) {
   var script = bcoin.script.encode(coin.script);
   var intSize = utils.sizeIntv(script.length);
@@ -382,10 +461,6 @@ Framer.tx = function _tx(tx) {
   return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.tx = function tx(tx) {
-  return this.packet('tx', Framer.tx(tx));
-};
-
 Framer.block = function _block(block) {
   var off = 0;
   var txSize = 0;
@@ -512,19 +587,7 @@ Framer.headers = function _headers(block) {
   return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.block = function _block(block) {
-  return this.packet('block', Framer.block(block));
-};
-
-Framer.prototype.merkleBlock = function merkleBlock(block) {
-  return this.packet('merkleblock', Framer.merkleBlock(block));
-};
-
-Framer.prototype.headers = function headers(block) {
-  return this.packet('headers', Framer.headers(block));
-};
-
-Framer.prototype.reject = function reject(details) {
+Framer.reject = function reject(details) {
   var message = new Buffer(details.message || '', 'ascii');
   var ccode = constants.reject[details.ccode] || constants.reject.malformed;
   var reason = new Buffer(details.reason || '', 'ascii');
@@ -546,10 +609,10 @@ Framer.prototype.reject = function reject(details) {
 
   off += utils.copy(data, p, off);
 
-  return this.packet('reject', p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.addr = function addr(peers) {
+Framer.addr = function addr(peers) {
   var p = new Buffer(utils.sizeIntv(peers.length) + peers.length * 30);
   var off = 0;
   var addrs = [];
@@ -561,7 +624,7 @@ Framer.prototype.addr = function addr(peers) {
   for (i = 0; i < peers.length; i++) {
     peer = peers[i];
 
-    addr = this._addr({
+    addr = Framer.address({
       ts: peer.ts,
       services: peer.services,
       ipv6: peer.ipv6,
@@ -572,11 +635,11 @@ Framer.prototype.addr = function addr(peers) {
     off += addr.copy(p, off, 0, addr.length);
   }
 
-  return this.packet('addr', p);
+  return p;
 };
 
-Framer.prototype.mempool = function mempool() {
-  return this.packet('mempool', new Buffer([]));
+Framer.mempool = function mempool() {
+  return new Buffer([]);
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js b/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js
index cd12258a..6cfa9c40 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/protocol/parser.js
@@ -77,7 +77,12 @@ Parser.prototype.parse = function parse(chunk) {
   if (utils.readU32(utils.checksum(this.packet.payload)) !== this.packet.checksum)
     return this._error('Invalid checksum');
 
-  this.packet.payload = this.parsePayload(this.packet.cmd, this.packet.payload);
+  try {
+    this.packet.payload = this.parsePayload(this.packet.cmd, this.packet.payload);
+  } catch (e) {
+    this.emit('error', e);
+  }
+
   if (this.packet.payload)
     this.emit('packet', this.packet);
 
@@ -112,64 +117,64 @@ Parser.prototype.parseHeader = function parseHeader(h) {
 
 Parser.prototype.parsePayload = function parsePayload(cmd, p) {
   if (cmd === 'version')
-    return this.parseVersion(p);
+    return Parser.parseVersion(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'getdata' || cmd === 'inv' || cmd === 'notfound')
-    return this.parseInvList(p);
+    return Parser.parseInvList(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'merkleblock')
-    return this.parseMerkleBlock(p);
+    return Parser.parseMerkleBlock(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'headers')
-    return this.parseHeaders(p);
+    return Parser.parseHeaders(p);
 
   // if (cmd === 'block')
-  //   return this.parseBlock(p);
+  //   return Parser.parseBlock(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'block')
-    return this.parseBlockCompact(p);
+    return Parser.parseBlockCompact(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'tx')
-    return this.parseTX(p);
+    return Parser.parseTX(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'reject')
-    return this.parseReject(p);
+    return Parser.parseReject(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'addr')
-    return this.parseAddr(p);
+    return Parser.parseAddr(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'ping')
-    return this.parsePing(p);
+    return Parser.parsePing(p);
 
   if (cmd === 'pong')
-    return this.parsePong(p);
+    return Parser.parsePong(p);
 
   return p;
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parsePing = function parsePing(p) {
+Parser.parsePing = function parsePing(p) {
   if (p.length < 8)
-    return this._error('pong packet is too small');
+    throw new Error('pong packet is too small');
 
   return {
     nonce: utils.readU64(p, 0)
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parsePong = function parsePong(p) {
+Parser.parsePong = function parsePong(p) {
   if (p.length < 8)
-    return this._error('ping packet is too small');
+    throw new Error('ping packet is too small');
 
   return {
     nonce: utils.readU64(p, 0)
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseVersion = function parseVersion(p) {
+Parser.parseVersion = function parseVersion(p) {
   var v, services, ts, recv, from, nonce, result, off, agent, height, relay;
 
   if (p.length < 85)
-    return this._error('version packet is too small');
+    throw new Error('version packet is too small');
 
   v = utils.readU32(p, 0);
   services = utils.readU64(p, 4);
@@ -178,10 +183,10 @@ Parser.prototype.parseVersion = function parseVersion(p) {
   ts = utils.read64(p, 12);
 
   // Our address (recv)
-  recv = this._parseAddr(p, 20);
+  recv = Parser.parseAddress(p, 20);
 
   // Their Address (from)
-  from = this._parseAddr(p, 46);
+  from = Parser.parseAddress(p, 46);
 
   // Nonce, very dramatic
   nonce = utils.readU64(p, 72);
@@ -224,7 +229,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseVersion = function parseVersion(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseInvList = function parseInvList(p) {
+Parser.parseInvList = function parseInvList(p) {
   var items = [];
   var i, off, count;
 
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseInvList = function parseInvList(p) {
   count = count.r;
 
   if (p.length < count * 36)
-    return this._error('Invalid getdata size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid getdata size');
 
   for (i = 0, off = 0; i < count; i++, off += 36) {
     items.push({
@@ -245,18 +250,18 @@ Parser.prototype.parseInvList = function parseInvList(p) {
   return items;
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseMerkleBlock = function parseMerkleBlock(p) {
+Parser.parseMerkleBlock = function parseMerkleBlock(p) {
   var i, hashCount, off, hashes, flagCount, flags;
 
   if (p.length < 86)
-    return this._error('Invalid merkleblock size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid merkleblock size');
 
   hashCount = utils.readIntv(p, 84);
   off = hashCount.off;
   hashCount = hashCount.r;
 
   if (off + 32 * hashCount + 1 > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid hash count');
+    throw new Error('Invalid hash count');
 
   hashes = new Array(hashCount);
 
@@ -269,7 +274,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseMerkleBlock = function parseMerkleBlock(p) {
   flagCount = flagCount.r;
 
   if (off + flagCount > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid flag count');
+    throw new Error('Invalid flag count');
 
   flags = p.slice(off, off + flagCount);
 
@@ -288,19 +293,19 @@ Parser.prototype.parseMerkleBlock = function parseMerkleBlock(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseHeaders = function parseHeaders(p) {
+Parser.parseHeaders = function parseHeaders(p) {
   var headers = [];
   var i, result, off, count, header, start, r;
 
   if (p.length < 81)
-    return this._error('Invalid headers size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid headers size');
 
   result = utils.readIntv(p, 0);
   off = result.off;
   count = result.r;
 
   if (p.length < count * 80)
-    return this._error('Invalid headers size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid headers size');
 
   for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     header = {};
@@ -327,21 +332,21 @@ Parser.prototype.parseHeaders = function parseHeaders(p) {
   return headers;
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseBlock = function parseBlock(p) {
+Parser.parseBlock = function parseBlock(p) {
   var txs = [];
   var i, result, off, totalTX, tx;
 
   if (p.length < 81)
-    return this._error('Invalid block size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid block size');
 
   result = utils.readIntv(p, 80);
   off = result.off;
   totalTX = result.r;
 
   for (i = 0; i < totalTX; i++) {
-    tx = this.parseTX(p.slice(off));
+    tx = Parser.parseTX(p.slice(off));
     if (!tx)
-      return this._error('Invalid tx count for block');
+      throw new Error('Invalid tx count for block');
     tx._offset = off;
     off += tx._size;
     txs.push(tx);
@@ -361,13 +366,13 @@ Parser.prototype.parseBlock = function parseBlock(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseBlockCompact = function parseBlockCompact(p) {
+Parser.parseBlockCompact = function parseBlockCompact(p) {
   var height = -1;
   var i, result, off, totalTX, tx;
   var inCount, input, s, version;
 
   if (p.length < 81)
-    return this._error('Invalid block size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid block size');
 
   version = utils.read32(p, 0);
 
@@ -377,16 +382,16 @@ Parser.prototype.parseBlockCompact = function parseBlockCompact(p) {
 
   if (version > 1 && totalTX > 0) {
     if (p.length < off + 10)
-      return this._error('Invalid tx size');
+      throw new Error('Invalid tx size');
 
     inCount = utils.readIntv(p, off + 4);
     off = inCount.off;
     inCount = inCount.r;
 
     if (inCount > 0) {
-      input = this.parseInput(p.slice(off));
+      input = Parser.parseInput(p.slice(off));
       if (!input)
-        return this._error('Invalid tx count for block');
+        throw new Error('Invalid tx count for block');
     }
   }
 
@@ -411,18 +416,18 @@ Parser.prototype.parseBlockCompact = function parseBlockCompact(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseInput = function parseInput(p) {
+Parser.parseInput = function parseInput(p) {
   var scriptLen, off;
 
   if (p.length < 41)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_in size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_in size');
 
   scriptLen = utils.readIntv(p, 36);
   off = scriptLen.off;
   scriptLen = scriptLen.r;
 
   if (off + scriptLen + 4 > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_in script length');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_in script length');
 
   return {
     _size: off + scriptLen + 4,
@@ -435,18 +440,18 @@ Parser.prototype.parseInput = function parseInput(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseOutput = function parseOutput(p) {
+Parser.parseOutput = function parseOutput(p) {
   var scriptLen, off;
 
   if (p.length < 9)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_out size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_out size');
 
   scriptLen = utils.readIntv(p, 8);
   off = scriptLen.off;
   scriptLen = scriptLen.r;
 
   if (off + scriptLen > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_out script length');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_out script length');
 
   return {
     _size: off + scriptLen,
@@ -455,7 +460,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseOutput = function parseOutput(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseCoin = function parseCoin(p, extended) {
+Parser.parseCoin = function parseCoin(p, extended) {
   var off = 0;
   var version, height, value, script, hash, index, spent, scriptLen;
 
@@ -509,27 +514,27 @@ Parser.prototype.parseCoin = function parseCoin(p, extended) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseTX = function parseTX(p) {
+Parser.parseTX = function parseTX(p) {
   var inCount, off, txIn, tx;
   var outCount, txOut;
   var i;
 
   if (p.length < 10)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx size');
 
   inCount = utils.readIntv(p, 4);
   off = inCount.off;
   inCount = inCount.r;
 
   if (inCount < 0)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_in count (negative)');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_in count (negative)');
 
   if (off + 41 * inCount + 5 > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_in count (too big)');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_in count (too big)');
 
   txIn = new Array(inCount);
   for (i = 0; i < inCount; i++) {
-    tx = this.parseInput(p.slice(off));
+    tx = Parser.parseInput(p.slice(off));
 
     if (!tx)
       return;
@@ -539,20 +544,20 @@ Parser.prototype.parseTX = function parseTX(p) {
     off += tx._size;
 
     if (off + 5 > p.length)
-      return this._error('Invalid tx_in offset');
+      throw new Error('Invalid tx_in offset');
   }
 
   outCount = utils.readIntv(p, off);
   off = outCount.off;
   outCount = outCount.r;
   if (outCount < 0)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_out count (negative)');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_out count (negative)');
   if (off + 9 * outCount + 4 > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid tx_out count (too big)');
+    throw new Error('Invalid tx_out count (too big)');
 
   txOut = new Array(outCount);
   for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
-    tx = this.parseOutput(p.slice(off));
+    tx = Parser.parseOutput(p.slice(off));
 
     if (!tx)
       return;
@@ -562,7 +567,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseTX = function parseTX(p) {
     off += tx._size;
 
     if (off + 4 > p.length)
-      return this._error('Invalid tx_out offset');
+      throw new Error('Invalid tx_out offset');
   }
 
   return {
@@ -575,18 +580,18 @@ Parser.prototype.parseTX = function parseTX(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseReject = function parseReject(p) {
+Parser.parseReject = function parseReject(p) {
   var messageLen, off, message, ccode, reasonLen, reason, data;
 
   if (p.length < 3)
-    return this._error('Invalid reject size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid reject size');
 
   messageLen = utils.readIntv(p, 0);
   off = messageLen.off;
   messageLen = messageLen.r;
 
   if (off + messageLen + 2 > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid reject message');
+    throw new Error('Invalid reject message');
 
   message = p.slice(off, off + messageLen).toString('ascii');
   off += messageLen;
@@ -599,7 +604,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseReject = function parseReject(p) {
   reasonLen = reasonLen.r;
 
   if (off + reasonLen > p.length)
-    return this._error('Invalid reject reason');
+    throw new Error('Invalid reject reason');
 
   reason = p.slice(off, off + reasonLen).toString('ascii');
 
@@ -615,7 +620,7 @@ Parser.prototype.parseReject = function parseReject(p) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype._parseAddr = function _parseAddr(p, off, full) {
+Parser.parseAddress = function parseAddress(p, off, full) {
   var ts, services, ip, port;
 
   if (!off)
@@ -652,9 +657,9 @@ Parser.prototype._parseAddr = function _parseAddr(p, off, full) {
   };
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseAddr = function parseAddr(p) {
+Parser.parseAddr = function parseAddr(p) {
   if (p.length < 31)
-    return this._error('Invalid addr size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid addr size');
 
   var addrs = [];
   var i, off, count;
@@ -664,16 +669,16 @@ Parser.prototype.parseAddr = function parseAddr(p) {
   count = count.r;
 
   for (i = 0; i < count && off < p.length; i++) {
-    addrs.push(this._parseAddr(p, off, true));
+    addrs.push(Parser.parseAddress(p, off, true));
     off += 30;
   }
 
   return addrs;
 };
 
-Parser.prototype.parseMempool = function parseMempool(p) {
+Parser.parseMempool = function parseMempool(p) {
   if (p.length > 0)
-    return this._error('Invalid mempool size');
+    throw new Error('Invalid mempool size');
 
   return {};
 };
diff --git a/lib/bcoin/tx.js b/lib/bcoin/tx.js
index bcce0be3..ccaf2760 100644
--- a/lib/bcoin/tx.js
+++ b/lib/bcoin/tx.js
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ TX._fromCompact = function _fromCompact(json) {
   assert.equal(json.type, 'tx');
 
   raw = new Buffer(json.tx, 'hex');
-  data = new bcoin.protocol.parser().parseTX(raw);
+  data = bcoin.protocol.parser.parseTX(raw);
 
   data.height = json.height;
   data.block = json.block;
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ TX.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw(enc) {
 };
 
 TX._fromRaw = function _fromRaw(data, enc) {
-  var parser = new bcoin.protocol.parser();
+  var parser = bcoin.protocol.parser;
 
   if (enc === 'hex')
     data = new Buffer(data, 'hex');