fcoin/lib/primitives/block.js

/*!
 * block.js - block object for bcoin
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2015, Fedor Indutny (MIT License)
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2017, Christopher Jeffrey (MIT License).
 * https://github.com/bcoin-org/bcoin
 */

'use strict';

const assert = require('assert');
const util = require('../utils/util');
const encoding = require('../utils/encoding');
const digest = require('../crypto/digest');
const merkle = require('../crypto/merkle');
const consensus = require('../protocol/consensus');
const AbstractBlock = require('./abstractblock');
const BufferReader = require('../utils/reader');
const StaticWriter = require('../utils/staticwriter');
const TX = require('./tx');
const MerkleBlock = require('./merkleblock');
const Headers = require('./headers');
const Network = require('../protocol/network');

/**
 * Represents a full block.
 * @alias module:primitives.Block
 * @constructor
 * @extends AbstractBlock
 * @param {NakedBlock} options
 */

function Block(options) {
  if (!(this instanceof Block))
    return new Block(options);

  AbstractBlock.call(this);

  this.txs = [];

  this._raw = null;
  this._size = -1;
  this._witness = -1;

  if (options)
    this.fromOptions(options);
}

Object.setPrototypeOf(Block.prototype, AbstractBlock.prototype);

/**
 * Inject properties from options object.
 * @private
 * @param {Object} options
 */

Block.prototype.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
  this.parseOptions(options);

  if (options.txs) {
    assert(Array.isArray(options.txs));
    for (const tx of options.txs) {
      assert(tx instanceof TX);
      this.txs.push(tx);
    }
  }
};

/**
 * Instantiate block from options.
 * @param {Object} options
 * @returns {Block}
 */

Block.fromOptions = function fromOptions(options) {
  return new Block().fromOptions(options);
};

/**
 * Clear any cached values.
 * @param {Boolean?} all - Clear transactions.
 */

Block.prototype.refresh = function refresh(all) {
  this._refresh();

  this._raw = null;
  this._size = -1;
  this._witness = -1;

  if (!all)
    return;

  for (const tx of this.txs)
    tx.refresh();
};

/**
 * Serialize the block. Include witnesses if present.
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.toRaw = function toRaw() {
  return this.frame().data;
};

/**
 * Serialize the block, do not include witnesses.
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.toNormal = function toNormal() {
  if (this.hasWitness())
    return this.frameNormal().data;
  return this.toRaw();
};

/**
 * Serialize the block. Include witnesses if present.
 * @param {BufferWriter} bw
 */

Block.prototype.toWriter = function toWriter(bw) {
  if (this.mutable)
    return this.writeWitness(bw);

  const raw = this.frame();
  bw.writeBytes(raw.data);

  return bw;
};

/**
 * Serialize the block, do not include witnesses.
 * @param {BufferWriter} bw
 */

Block.prototype.toNormalWriter = function toNormalWriter(bw) {
  if (this.hasWitness()) {
    this.writeNormal(bw);
    return bw;
  }
  return this.toWriter(bw);
};

/**
 * Get the raw block serialization.
 * Include witnesses if present.
 * @private
 * @returns {RawBlock}
 */

Block.prototype.frame = function frame() {
  if (this.mutable) {
    assert(!this._raw);
    return this.frameWitness();
  }

  if (this._raw) {
    assert(this._size >= 0);
    assert(this._witness >= 0);
    const raw = new RawBlock(this._size, this._witness);
    raw.data = this._raw;
    return raw;
  }

  const raw = this.frameWitness();

  this._raw = raw.data;
  this._size = raw.size;
  this._witness = raw.witness;

  return raw;
};

/**
 * Calculate real size and size of the witness bytes.
 * @returns {Object} Contains `size` and `witness`.
 */

Block.prototype.getSizes = function getSizes() {
  if (this.mutable)
    return this.getWitnessSizes();
  return this.frame();
};

/**
 * Calculate virtual block size.
 * @returns {Number} Virtual size.
 */

Block.prototype.getVirtualSize = function getVirtualSize() {
  const scale = consensus.WITNESS_SCALE_FACTOR;
  return (this.getWeight() + scale - 1) / scale | 0;
};

/**
 * Calculate block weight.
 * @returns {Number} weight
 */

Block.prototype.getWeight = function getWeight() {
  const raw = this.getSizes();
  const base = raw.size - raw.witness;
  return base * (consensus.WITNESS_SCALE_FACTOR - 1) + raw.size;
};

/**
 * Get real block size.
 * @returns {Number} size
 */

Block.prototype.getSize = function getSize() {
  return this.getSizes().size;
};

/**
 * Get base block size (without witness).
 * @returns {Number} size
 */

Block.prototype.getBaseSize = function getBaseSize() {
  const raw = this.getSizes();
  return raw.size - raw.witness;
};

/**
 * Test whether the block contains a
 * transaction with a non-empty witness.
 * @returns {Boolean}
 */

Block.prototype.hasWitness = function hasWitness() {
  if (this._witness !== -1)
    return this._witness !== 0;

  for (const tx of this.txs) {
    if (tx.hasWitness())
      return true;
  }

  return false;
};

/**
 * Test the block's transaction vector against a hash.
 * @param {Hash} hash
 * @returns {Boolean}
 */

Block.prototype.hasTX = function hasTX(hash) {
  return this.indexOf(hash) !== -1;
};

/**
 * Find the index of a transaction in the block.
 * @param {Hash} hash
 * @returns {Number} index (-1 if not present).
 */

Block.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf(hash) {
  for (let i = 0; i < this.txs.length; i++) {
    const tx = this.txs[i];
    if (tx.hash('hex') === hash)
      return i;
  }

  return -1;
};

/**
 * Calculate merkle root. Returns null
 * if merkle tree has been malleated.
 * @param {String?} enc - Encoding, can be `'hex'` or null.
 * @returns {Hash|null}
 */

Block.prototype.createMerkleRoot = function createMerkleRoot(enc) {
  const leaves = [];

  for (const tx of this.txs)
    leaves.push(tx.hash());

  const [root, malleated] = merkle.createRoot(leaves);

  if (malleated)
    return null;

  return enc === 'hex' ? root.toString('hex') : root;
};

/**
 * Create a witness nonce (for mining).
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.createWitnessNonce = function createWitnessNonce() {
  return Buffer.from(encoding.ZERO_HASH);
};

/**
 * Calculate commitment hash (the root of the
 * witness merkle tree hashed with the witnessNonce).
 * @param {String?} enc - Encoding, can be `'hex'` or null.
 * @returns {Hash}
 */

Block.prototype.createCommitmentHash = function createCommitmentHash(enc) {
  const nonce = this.getWitnessNonce();
  const leaves = [];

  assert(nonce, 'No witness nonce present.');

  leaves.push(encoding.ZERO_HASH);

  for (let i = 1; i < this.txs.length; i++) {
    const tx = this.txs[i];
    leaves.push(tx.witnessHash());
  }

  const [root] = merkle.createRoot(leaves);

  // Note: malleation check ignored here.
  // assert(!malleated);

  const hash = digest.root256(root, nonce);

  return enc === 'hex'
    ? hash.toString('hex')
    : hash;
};

/**
 * Retrieve the merkle root from the block header.
 * @param {String?} enc
 * @returns {Hash}
 */

Block.prototype.getMerkleRoot = function getMerkleRoot(enc) {
  if (enc === 'hex')
    return this.merkleRoot;
  return Buffer.from(this.merkleRoot, 'hex');
};

/**
 * Retrieve the witness nonce from the
 * coinbase's witness vector (if present).
 * @returns {Buffer|null}
 */

Block.prototype.getWitnessNonce = function getWitnessNonce() {
  if (this.txs.length === 0)
    return null;

  const coinbase = this.txs[0];

  if (coinbase.inputs.length !== 1)
    return null;

  const input = coinbase.inputs[0];

  if (input.witness.items.length !== 1)
    return null;

  if (input.witness.items[0].length !== 32)
    return null;

  return input.witness.items[0];
};

/**
 * Retrieve the commitment hash
 * from the coinbase's outputs.
 * @param {String?} enc
 * @returns {Hash|null}
 */

Block.prototype.getCommitmentHash = function getCommitmentHash(enc) {
  if (this.txs.length === 0)
    return null;

  const coinbase = this.txs[0];
  let hash;

  for (let i = coinbase.outputs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    const output = coinbase.outputs[i];
    if (output.script.isCommitment()) {
      hash = output.script.getCommitment();
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!hash)
    return null;

  return enc === 'hex'
    ? hash.toString('hex')
    : hash;
};

/**
 * Do non-contextual verification on the block. Including checking the block
 * size, the coinbase and the merkle root. This is consensus-critical.
 * @returns {Boolean}
 */

Block.prototype.verifyBody = function verifyBody() {
  const [valid] = this.checkBody();
  return valid;
};

/**
 * Do non-contextual verification on the block. Including checking the block
 * size, the coinbase and the merkle root. This is consensus-critical.
 * @returns {Array} [valid, reason, score]
 */

Block.prototype.checkBody = function checkBody() {
  // Check merkle root.
  const root = this.createMerkleRoot('hex');

  // If the merkle is mutated,
  // we have duplicate txs.
  if (!root)
    return [false, 'bad-txns-duplicate', 100];

  if (this.merkleRoot !== root)
    return [false, 'bad-txnmrklroot', 100];

  // Check base size.
  if (this.txs.length === 0
      || this.txs.length > consensus.MAX_BLOCK_SIZE
      || this.getBaseSize() > consensus.MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
    return [false, 'bad-blk-length', 100];
  }

  // First TX must be a coinbase.
  if (this.txs.length === 0 || !this.txs[0].isCoinbase())
    return [false, 'bad-cb-missing', 100];

  // Test all transactions.
  const scale = consensus.WITNESS_SCALE_FACTOR;
  let sigops = 0;

  for (let i = 0; i < this.txs.length; i++) {
    const tx = this.txs[i];

    // The rest of the txs must not be coinbases.
    if (i > 0 && tx.isCoinbase())
      return [false, 'bad-cb-multiple', 100];

    // Sanity checks.
    const [valid, reason, score] = tx.checkSanity();

    if (!valid)
      return [valid, reason, score];

    // Count legacy sigops (do not count scripthash or witness).
    sigops += tx.getLegacySigops();
    if (sigops * scale > consensus.MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS_COST)
      return [false, 'bad-blk-sigops', 100];
  }

  return [true, 'valid', 0];
};

/**
 * Retrieve the coinbase height from the coinbase input script.
 * @returns {Number} height (-1 if not present).
 */

Block.prototype.getCoinbaseHeight = function getCoinbaseHeight() {
  if (this.version < 2)
    return -1;

  if (this.txs.length === 0)
    return -1;

  const coinbase = this.txs[0];

  if (coinbase.inputs.length === 0)
    return -1;

  return coinbase.inputs[0].script.getCoinbaseHeight();
};

/**
 * Get the "claimed" reward by the coinbase.
 * @returns {Amount} claimed
 */

Block.prototype.getClaimed = function getClaimed() {
  assert(this.txs.length > 0);
  assert(this.txs[0].isCoinbase());
  return this.txs[0].getOutputValue();
};

/**
 * Get all unique outpoint hashes in the
 * block. Coinbases are ignored.
 * @returns {Hash[]} Outpoint hashes.
 */

Block.prototype.getPrevout = function getPrevout() {
  const prevout = Object.create(null);

  for (let i = 1; i < this.txs.length; i++) {
    const tx = this.txs[i];

    for (const input of tx.inputs)
      prevout[input.prevout.hash] = true;
  }

  return Object.keys(prevout);
};

/**
 * Inspect the block and return a more
 * user-friendly representation of the data.
 * @returns {Object}
 */

Block.prototype.inspect = function inspect() {
  return this.format();
};

/**
 * Inspect the block and return a more
 * user-friendly representation of the data.
 * @param {CoinView} view
 * @param {Number} height
 * @returns {Object}
 */

Block.prototype.format = function format(view, height) {
  const commitmentHash = this.getCommitmentHash('hex');
  return {
    hash: this.rhash(),
    height: height != null ? height : -1,
    size: this.getSize(),
    virtualSize: this.getVirtualSize(),
    date: util.date(this.time),
    version: util.hex32(this.version),
    prevBlock: util.revHex(this.prevBlock),
    merkleRoot: util.revHex(this.merkleRoot),
    commitmentHash: commitmentHash
      ? util.revHex(commitmentHash)
      : null,
    time: this.time,
    bits: this.bits,
    nonce: this.nonce,
    txs: this.txs.map((tx, i) => {
      return tx.format(view, null, i);
    })
  };
};

/**
 * Convert the block to an object suitable
 * for JSON serialization.
 * @returns {Object}
 */

Block.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
  return this.getJSON();
};

/**
 * Convert the block to an object suitable
 * for JSON serialization. Note that the hashes
 * will be reversed to abide by bitcoind's legacy
 * of little-endian uint256s.
 * @param {Network} network
 * @param {CoinView} view
 * @param {Number} height
 * @returns {Object}
 */

Block.prototype.getJSON = function getJSON(network, view, height) {
  network = Network.get(network);
  return {
    hash: this.rhash(),
    height: height,
    version: this.version,
    prevBlock: util.revHex(this.prevBlock),
    merkleRoot: util.revHex(this.merkleRoot),
    time: this.time,
    bits: this.bits,
    nonce: this.nonce,
    txs: this.txs.map((tx, i) => {
      return tx.getJSON(network, view, null, i);
    })
  };
};

/**
 * Inject properties from json object.
 * @private
 * @param {Object} json
 */

Block.prototype.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
  assert(json, 'Block data is required.');
  assert(Array.isArray(json.txs));

  this.parseJSON(json);

  for (const tx of json.txs)
    this.txs.push(TX.fromJSON(tx));

  return this;
};

/**
 * Instantiate a block from a jsonified block object.
 * @param {Object} json - The jsonified block object.
 * @returns {Block}
 */

Block.fromJSON = function fromJSON(json) {
  return new Block().fromJSON(json);
};

/**
 * Inject properties from serialized data.
 * @private
 * @param {Buffer} data
 */

Block.prototype.fromReader = function fromReader(br) {
  br.start();

  this.readHead(br);

  const count = br.readVarint();
  let witness = 0;

  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    const tx = TX.fromReader(br);
    witness += tx._witness;
    this.txs.push(tx);
  }

  if (!this.mutable) {
    this._raw = br.endData();
    this._size = this._raw.length;
    this._witness = witness;
  }

  return this;
};

/**
 * Inject properties from serialized data.
 * @private
 * @param {Buffer} data
 */

Block.prototype.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data) {
  return this.fromReader(new BufferReader(data));
};

/**
 * Instantiate a block from a serialized Buffer.
 * @param {Buffer} data
 * @param {String?} enc - Encoding, can be `'hex'` or null.
 * @returns {Block}
 */

Block.fromReader = function fromReader(data) {
  return new Block().fromReader(data);
};

/**
 * Instantiate a block from a serialized Buffer.
 * @param {Buffer} data
 * @param {String?} enc - Encoding, can be `'hex'` or null.
 * @returns {Block}
 */

Block.fromRaw = function fromRaw(data, enc) {
  if (typeof data === 'string')
    data = Buffer.from(data, enc);
  return new Block().fromRaw(data);
};

/**
 * Convert the Block to a MerkleBlock.
 * @param {Bloom} filter - Bloom filter for transactions
 * to match. The merkle block will contain only the
 * matched transactions.
 * @returns {MerkleBlock}
 */

Block.prototype.toMerkle = function toMerkle(filter) {
  return MerkleBlock.fromBlock(this, filter);
};

/**
 * Serialze block with or without witness data.
 * @private
 * @param {Boolean} witness
 * @param {BufferWriter?} writer
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.writeNormal = function writeNormal(bw) {
  this.writeHead(bw);

  bw.writeVarint(this.txs.length);

  for (const tx of this.txs)
    tx.toNormalWriter(bw);

  return bw;
};

/**
 * Serialze block with or without witness data.
 * @private
 * @param {Boolean} witness
 * @param {BufferWriter?} writer
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.writeWitness = function writeWitness(bw) {
  this.writeHead(bw);

  bw.writeVarint(this.txs.length);

  for (const tx of this.txs)
    tx.toWriter(bw);

  return bw;
};

/**
 * Serialze block with or without witness data.
 * @private
 * @param {Boolean} witness
 * @param {BufferWriter?} writer
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.frameNormal = function frameNormal() {
  const raw = this.getNormalSizes();
  const bw = new StaticWriter(raw.size);
  this.writeNormal(bw);
  raw.data = bw.render();
  return raw;
};

/**
 * Serialze block without witness data.
 * @private
 * @param {BufferWriter?} writer
 * @returns {Buffer}
 */

Block.prototype.frameWitness = function frameWitness() {
  const raw = this.getWitnessSizes();
  const bw = new StaticWriter(raw.size);
  this.writeWitness(bw);
  raw.data = bw.render();
  return raw;
};

/**
 * Convert the block to a headers object.
 * @returns {Headers}
 */

Block.prototype.toHeaders = function toHeaders() {
  return Headers.fromBlock(this);
};

/**
 * Get real block size without witness.
 * @returns {RawBlock}
 */

Block.prototype.getNormalSizes = function getNormalSizes() {
  let size = 0;

  size += 80;
  size += encoding.sizeVarint(this.txs.length);

  for (const tx of this.txs)
    size += tx.getBaseSize();

  return new RawBlock(size, 0);
};

/**
 * Get real block size with witness.
 * @returns {RawBlock}
 */

Block.prototype.getWitnessSizes = function getWitnessSizes() {
  let size = 0;
  let witness = 0;

  size += 80;
  size += encoding.sizeVarint(this.txs.length);

  for (const tx of this.txs) {
    const raw = tx.getSizes();
    size += raw.size;
    witness += raw.witness;
  }

  return new RawBlock(size, witness);
};

/**
 * Test whether an object is a Block.
 * @param {Object} obj
 * @returns {Boolean}
 */

Block.isBlock = function isBlock(obj) {
  return obj
    && typeof obj.merkleRoot === 'string'
    && typeof obj.getClaimed === 'function';
};

/*
 * Helpers
 */

function RawBlock(size, witness) {
  this.data = null;
  this.size = size;
  this.witness = witness;
}

/*
 * Expose
 */

module.exports = Block;