Converting the application from Flask to Quart framework to support SSE streaming and asyncio

This commit is contained in:
Vivek Teega 2019-05-31 09:11:13 +00:00
parent 8d7b985e97
commit 797d2b08a2
553 changed files with 131799 additions and 18 deletions

1
.gitignore vendored
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__pycache__/
wsgi.py
*.swp

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py3.7/bin/activate Normal file
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# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
# you cannot run it directly
deactivate () {
# reset old environment variables
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
export PATH
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
fi
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
export PYTHONHOME
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
hash -r
fi
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
export PS1
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
fi
unset VIRTUAL_ENV
if [ ! "$1" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
# Self destruct!
unset -f deactivate
fi
}
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate nondestructive
VIRTUAL_ENV="/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7"
export VIRTUAL_ENV
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
export PATH
# unset PYTHONHOME if set
# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
unset PYTHONHOME
fi
if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
if [ "x(py3.7) " != x ] ; then
PS1="(py3.7) ${PS1:-}"
else
if [ "`basename \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"`" = "__" ] ; then
# special case for Aspen magic directories
# see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
PS1="[`basename \`dirname \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"\``] $PS1"
else
PS1="(`basename \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"`)$PS1"
fi
fi
export PS1
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
hash -r
fi

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py3.7/bin/activate.csh Normal file
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# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
# You cannot run it directly.
# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
# Unset irrelevant variables.
deactivate nondestructive
setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
if ("py3.7" != "") then
set env_name = "py3.7"
else
if (`basename "VIRTUAL_ENV"` == "__") then
# special case for Aspen magic directories
# see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
set env_name = `basename \`dirname "$VIRTUAL_ENV"\``
else
set env_name = `basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV"`
endif
endif
set prompt = "[$env_name] $prompt"
unset env_name
endif
alias pydoc python -m pydoc
rehash

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py3.7/bin/activate.fish Normal file
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# This file must be used with ". bin/activate.fish" *from fish* (http://fishshell.org)
# you cannot run it directly
function deactivate -d "Exit virtualenv and return to normal shell environment"
# reset old environment variables
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
end
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
end
if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
functions -e fish_prompt
set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
functions -e _old_fish_prompt
end
set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
# Self destruct!
functions -e deactivate
end
end
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate nondestructive
set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7"
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin" $PATH
# unset PYTHONHOME if set
if set -q PYTHONHOME
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
set -e PYTHONHOME
end
if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
# fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
# save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt
functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
# with the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
function fish_prompt
# Save the return status of the last command
set -l old_status $status
# Prompt override?
if test -n "(py3.7) "
printf "%s%s" "(py3.7) " (set_color normal)
else
# ...Otherwise, prepend env
set -l _checkbase (basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV")
if test $_checkbase = "__"
# special case for Aspen magic directories
# see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
printf "%s[%s]%s " (set_color -b blue white) (basename (dirname "$VIRTUAL_ENV")) (set_color normal)
else
printf "%s(%s)%s" (set_color -b blue white) (basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV") (set_color normal)
end
end
# Restore the return status of the previous command.
echo "exit $old_status" | .
_old_fish_prompt
end
set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
end

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py3.7/bin/easy_install Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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py3.7/bin/easy_install-3.7 Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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py3.7/bin/hypercorn Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from hypercorn.__main__ import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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py3.7/bin/pip Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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py3.7/bin/pip3 Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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py3.7/bin/pip3.7 Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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py3.7/bin/python Symbolic link
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python3.7

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py3.7/bin/python3 Symbolic link
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python3.7

1
py3.7/bin/python3.7 Symbolic link
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/usr/bin/python3.7

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py3.7/bin/quart Executable file
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#!/home/production/deployed/ranchimallflo-api/py3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from quart.cli import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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pip

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Copyright © 2014 by the Pallets team.
Some rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of the software as
well as documentation, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
----
Click uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and maintained
by the Python Software Foundation. This is limited to code in parser.py.
Copyright © 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Click
Version: 7.0
Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: Pallets Team
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD
Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/click
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/click/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*
\$ click\_
==========
Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
sensible defaults out of the box.
It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
implement an intended CLI API.
Click in three points:
- Arbitrary nesting of commands
- Automatic help page generation
- Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
$ pip install click
Click supports Python 3.4 and newer, Python 2.7, and PyPy.
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
A Simple Example
----------------
What does it look like? Here is an example of a simple Click program:
.. code-block:: python
import click
@click.command()
@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name",
help="The person to greet.")
def hello(count, name):
"""Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
for _ in range(count):
click.echo("Hello, %s!" % name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
hello()
And what it looks like when run:
.. code-block:: text
$ python hello.py --count=3
Your name: Click
Hello, Click!
Hello, Click!
Hello, Click!
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, `please
donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
* Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
* Documentation: https://click.palletsprojects.com/
* License: `BSD <https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
* Releases: https://pypi.org/project/click/
* Code: https://github.com/pallets/click
* Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues
* Test status:
* Linux, Mac: https://travis-ci.org/pallets/click
* Windows: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pallets/click
* Test coverage: https://codecov.io/gh/pallets/click

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.31.1)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py2-none-any
Tag: py3-none-any

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click

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Copyright P G Jones 2018.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Hypercorn
Version: 0.6.0
Summary: A ASGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn.
Home-page: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/
Author: P G Jones
Author-email: philip.graham.jones@googlemail.com
License: MIT
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=3.7
Requires-Dist: h11
Requires-Dist: h2 (>=3.1.0)
Requires-Dist: pytoml
Requires-Dist: typing-extensions
Requires-Dist: wsproto (>=0.14.0)
Provides-Extra: trio
Requires-Dist: trio (>=0.9.0) ; extra == 'trio'
Provides-Extra: uvloop
Requires-Dist: uvloop ; extra == 'uvloop'
Hypercorn
=========
.. image:: https://assets.gitlab-static.net/pgjones/hypercorn/raw/master/artwork/logo.png
:alt: Hypercorn logo
|Build Status| |docs| |pypi| |http| |python| |license|
Hypercorn is an `ASGI
<https://github.com/django/asgiref/blob/master/specs/asgi.rst>`_ web
server based on the sans-io hyper, `h11
<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11>`_, `h2
<https://github.com/python-hyper/hyper-h2>`_, and `wsproto
<https://github.com/python-hyper/wsproto>`_ libraries and inspired by
Gunicorn. Hypercorn supports HTTP/1, HTTP/2, WebSockets (over HTTP/1
and HTTP/2), ASGI/2, and ASGI/3 specifications. Hypercorn can utilise
asyncio, uvloop, or trio worker types.
Hypercorn was initially part of `Quart
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart>`_ before being separated out into a
standalone ASGI server. Hypercorn forked from version 0.5.0 of Quart.
Quickstart
----------
Hypercorn can be installed via `pipenv
<https://docs.pipenv.org/install/#installing-packages-for-your-project>`_ or
`pip <https://docs.python.org/3/installing/index.html>`_,
.. code-block:: console
$ pipenv install hypercorn
$ pip install hypercorn
and requires Python 3.7.0 or higher.
With hypercorn installed ASGI frameworks (or apps) can be served via
Hypercorn via the command line,
.. code-block:: console
$ hypercorn module:app
Contributing
------------
Hypercorn is developed on `GitLab
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn>`_. You are very welcome to open
`issues <https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/issues>`_ or propose
`merge requests
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/merge_requests>`_.
Testing
~~~~~~~
The best way to test Hypercorn is with Tox,
.. code-block:: console
$ pipenv install tox
$ tox
this will check the code style and run the tests.
Help
----
The Hypercorn `documentation <https://pgjones.gitlab.io/hypercorn/>`_
is the best place to start, after that try opening an `issue
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/issues>`_.
.. |Build Status| image:: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/badges/master/build.svg
:target: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/commits/master
.. |docs| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-passing-brightgreen.svg
:target: https://pgjones.gitlab.io/hypercorn/
.. |pypi| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/hypercorn.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Hypercorn/
.. |http| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/http-1.0,1.1,2-orange.svg
:target: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol
.. |python| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/hypercorn.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Hypercorn/
.. |license| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg
:target: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn/blob/master/LICENSE

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.32.3)
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[console_scripts]
hypercorn = hypercorn.__main__:main

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hypercorn

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Copyright (c) 2009 by the Jinja Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
Some rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
with the distribution.
* The names of the contributors may not be used to endorse or
promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Jinja2
Version: 2.10.1
Summary: A small but fast and easy to use stand-alone template engine written in pure python.
Home-page: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
License: BSD
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Requires-Dist: MarkupSafe (>=0.23)
Provides-Extra: i18n
Requires-Dist: Babel (>=0.8) ; extra == 'i18n'
Jinja2
~~~~~~
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a
`Django`_ inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and
an optional `sandboxed`_ environment.
Nutshell
--------
Here a small example of a Jinja template::
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Memberlist{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Philosophy
----------
Application logic is for the controller but don't try to make the life
for the template designer too hard by giving him too few functionality.
For more informations visit the new `Jinja2 webpage`_ and `documentation`_.
.. _sandboxed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)
.. _Django: https://www.djangoproject.com/
.. _Jinja2 webpage: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
.. _documentation: http://jinja.pocoo.org/2/documentation/

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[babel.extractors]
jinja2 = jinja2.ext:babel_extract[i18n]

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Copyright 2010 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: MarkupSafe
Version: 1.1.1
Summary: Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/markupsafe/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: The Pallets Team
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Requires-Python: >=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*
MarkupSafe
==========
MarkupSafe implements a text object that escapes characters so it is
safe to use in HTML and XML. Characters that have special meanings are
replaced so that they display as the actual characters. This mitigates
injection attacks, meaning untrusted user input can safely be displayed
on a page.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U MarkupSafe
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
Examples
--------
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape
>>> # escape replaces special characters and wraps in Markup
>>> escape('<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>')
Markup(u'&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')
>>> # wrap in Markup to mark text "safe" and prevent escaping
>>> Markup('<strong>Hello</strong>')
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
>>> escape(Markup('<strong>Hello</strong>'))
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
>>> # Markup is a text subclass (str on Python 3, unicode on Python 2)
>>> # methods and operators escape their arguments
>>> template = Markup("Hello <em>%s</em>")
>>> template % '"World"'
Markup('Hello <em>&#34;World&#34;</em>')
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports MarkupSafe and other
libraries that use it. In order to grow the community of contributors
and users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the
projects, `please donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
* Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/markupsafe/
* Documentation: https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
* License: `BSD-3-Clause <https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
* Releases: https://pypi.org/project/MarkupSafe/
* Code: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
* Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/issues
* Test status:
* Linux, Mac: https://travis-ci.org/pallets/markupsafe
* Windows: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pallets/markupsafe
* Test coverage: https://codecov.io/gh/pallets/markupsafe

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Copyright P G Jones 2017.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Quart
Version: 0.9.1
Summary: A Python ASGI web microframework with the same API as Flask
Home-page: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/
Author: P G Jones
Author-email: philip.graham.jones@googlemail.com
License: MIT
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=3.7.0
Requires-Dist: aiofiles
Requires-Dist: blinker
Requires-Dist: click
Requires-Dist: hypercorn (>=0.6.0)
Requires-Dist: itsdangerous
Requires-Dist: jinja2
Requires-Dist: multidict
Requires-Dist: sortedcontainers
Provides-Extra: dotenv
Requires-Dist: python-dotenv ; extra == 'dotenv'
Quart
=====
.. image:: https://assets.gitlab-static.net/pgjones/quart/raw/master/artwork/logo.png
:alt: Quart logo
|Build Status| |docs| |pypi| |http| |python| |license| |chat|
Quart is a Python `ASGI
<https://github.com/django/asgiref/blob/master/specs/asgi.rst>`_ web
microframework. It is intended to provide the easiest way to use
asyncio functionality in a web context, especially with existing Flask
apps. This is possible as the Quart API is a superset of the `Flask
<https://github.com/pallets/flask>`_ API.
Quart aims to be a complete web microframework, as it supports
HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and websockets. Quart is very extendable and has a
number of known `extensions
<https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/quart_extensions.html>`_ and works
with many of the `Flask extensions
<https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/flask_extensions.html>`_.
Quickstart
----------
Quart can be installed via `pipenv
<https://docs.pipenv.org/install/#installing-packages-for-your-project>`_ or
`pip <https://docs.python.org/3/installing/index.html>`_,
.. code-block:: console
$ pipenv install quart
$ pip install quart
and requires Python 3.7.0 or higher (see `python version support
<https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/python_versions.html>`_ for
reasoning).
A minimal Quart example is,
.. code-block:: python
from quart import Quart, websocket
app = Quart(__name__)
@app.route('/')
async def hello():
return 'hello'
@app.websocket('/ws')
async def ws():
while True:
await websocket.send('hello')
app.run()
if the above is in a file called ``app.py`` it can be run as,
.. code-block:: console
$ python app.py
To deploy in a production setting see the `deployment
<https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/deployment.html>`_ documentation.
Features
--------
Quart supports the full ASGI 3.0 specification as well as the
websocket response and HTTP/2 server push extensions. For those of you
familiar with Flask, Quart extends the Flask-API by adding support for,
- HTTP/1.1 request streaming.
- Websockets.
- HTTP/2 server push.
Note that not all ASGI servers support these features, for this reason
the recommended server is `Hypercorn
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn>`_.
Contributing
------------
Quart is developed on `GitLab <https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart>`_. If
you come across an issue, or have a feature request please open an
`issue <https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/issues>`_. If you want to
contribute a fix or the feature-implementation please do (typo fixes
welcome), by proposing a `merge request
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/merge_requests>`_.
Testing
~~~~~~~
The best way to test Quart is with `Tox
<https://tox.readthedocs.io>`_,
.. code-block:: console
$ pipenv install tox
$ tox
this will check the code style and run the tests.
Help
----
The Quart `documentation <https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/>`_ is the
best place to start, after that try searching `stack overflow
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/quart>`_, if you still
can't find an answer please `open an issue
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/issues>`_.
API Compatibility with Flask
----------------------------
The Flask API can be described as consisting of the Flask public and
private APIs and Werkzeug upon which Flask is based. Quart is designed
to be fully compatible with the Flask public API (aside from async and
await keywords). Thereafter the aim is to be mostly compatible with
the Flask private API and to provide no guarantees about the Werkzeug
API.
Migrating from Flask
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It should be possible to migrate to Quart from Flask by a find and
replace of ``flask`` to ``quart`` and then adding ``async`` and
``await`` keywords. See the `docs
<https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/flask_migration.html>`_ for full
details.
.. |Build Status| image:: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/badges/master/build.svg
:target: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/commits/master
.. |docs| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-passing-brightgreen.svg
:target: https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/
.. |pypi| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/quart.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Quart/
.. |http| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/http-1.0,1.1,2-orange.svg
:target: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol
.. |python| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/quart.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Quart/
.. |license| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg
:target: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart/blob/master/LICENSE
.. |chat| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/chat-join_now-brightgreen.svg
:target: https://gitter.im/python-quart/lobby

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[console_scripts]
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quart

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Copyright P G Jones 2018.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Quart-CORS
Version: 0.1.3
Summary: A Quart extension to provide Cross Origin Resource Sharing, access control, support.
Home-page: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/
Author: P G Jones
Author-email: philip.graham.jones@googlemail.com
License: MIT
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=3.6.1
Requires-Dist: Quart (>=0.6.11)
Quart-CORS
==========
|Build Status| |pypi| |python| |license|
Quart-CORS is an extension for `Quart
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart>`_ to handle `Cross Origin Resource
Sharing <http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/>`_, CORS (also known as access
control).
CORS is required to share resources in browsers due to the `Same
Origin Policy <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-origin_policy>`_
which prevents resources being read and limits write actions from a
different origin. An origin in this case is defined as the scheme,
host and port combination.
In practice the Same Origin Policy means that a browser visiting
``http://quart.com`` will prevent the response of ``GET
http://api.com`` being read. It will also prevent requests such as
``POST http://api.com``. Note that embedding is allowed e.g. ``<img
src="http://api.com/img.gif">``.
CORS allows the server to indicate to the browser that certain
resources can be used. It does so for GET requests by returning
headers that indicate the origins that can use the resource whereas
for other requests the browser will send a preflight OPTIONS request
and then inspect the headers in the response.
Simple (GET) requests should return CORS headers specifying the
allowed origins (which can be any origin, ``*``) and whether
credentials should be shared. If credentials can be shared the origins
must be specific and not a wildcard.
Preflight requests should return CORS headers specifying the allowed
origins, methods and headers in the request, whehter credentials
should be shared and what response headers should be exposed.
Usage
-----
To add CORS access control headers to all of the routes in the
application, simply apply the ``cors`` function to the application,
.. code-block:: python
app = Quart(__name__)
app = cors(app)
alternatively if you wish to add CORS selectively either apply the
``cors`` function to a blueprint or the ``route_cors`` function to
a route,
.. code-block:: python
blueprint = Blueprint(__name__)
blueprint = cors(blueprint)
@blueprint.route('/')
@route_cors()
async def handler():
...
In addition defaults can be specified in the application
configuration,
============================ ========
Configuration key type
---------------------------- --------
QUART_CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS bool
QUART_CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS Set[str]
QUART_CORS_ALLOW_METHODS Set[str]
QUART_CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN Set[str]
QUART_CORS_EXPOSE_HEADERS Set[str]
QUART_CORS_MAX_AGE float
============================ ========
Both the ``cors`` and ``route_cors`` functions take these arguments,
================= ===========================
Argument type
----------------- ---------------------------
allow_credentials bool
allow_headers Union[Set[str], str]
allow_methods Union[Set[str], str]
allow_origin Union[Set[str], str]
expose_headers Union[Set[str], str]
max_age Union[int, flot, timedelta]
================= ===========================
.. note::
The Same Origin Policy does not apply to websockets, and hence this
extension does not add CORS headers to websocket routes. In
addition the ``route_cors`` function should not be used on a
websocket route.
Contributing
------------
Quart-CORS is developed on `GitLab
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors>`_. You are very welcome to
open `issues <https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/issues>`_ or
propose `merge requests
<https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/merge_requests>`_.
Testing
~~~~~~~
The best way to test Quart-CORS is with Tox,
.. code-block:: console
$ pipenv install tox
$ tox
this will check the code style and run the tests.
Help
----
This README is the best place to start, after that try opening an
`issue <https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/issues>`_.
.. |Build Status| image:: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/badges/master/build.svg
:target: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/commits/master
.. |pypi| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/quart-cors.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Quart-CORS/
.. |python| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/quart-cors.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Quart-CORS/
.. |license| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg
:target: https://gitlab.com/pgjones/quart-cors/blob/master/LICENSE

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aiofiles: file support for asyncio
==================================
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/aiofiles.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/aiofiles
.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/Tinche/aiofiles.svg?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.org/Tinche/aiofiles
.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/Tinche/aiofiles/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/gh/Tinche/aiofiles
**aiofiles** is an Apache2 licensed library, written in Python, for handling local
disk files in asyncio applications.
Ordinary local file IO is blocking, and cannot easily and portably made
asynchronous. This means doing file IO may interfere with asyncio applications,
which shouldn't block the executing thread. aiofiles helps with this by
introducing asynchronous versions of files that support delegating operations to
a separate thread pool.
.. code-block:: python
async with aiofiles.open('filename', mode='r') as f:
contents = await f.read()
print(contents)
'My file contents'
Asynchronous iteration is also supported.
.. code-block:: python
async with aiofiles.open('filename') as f:
async for line in f:
...
Features
--------
- a file API very similar to Python's standard, blocking API
- support for buffered and unbuffered binary files, and buffered text files
- support for ``async``/``await`` (:PEP:`492`) constructs
Installation
------------
To install aiofiles, simply:
.. code-block:: bash
$ pip install aiofiles
Usage
-----
Files are opened using the ``aiofiles.open()`` coroutine, which in addition to
mirroring the builtin ``open`` accepts optional ``loop`` and ``executor``
arguments. If ``loop`` is absent, the default loop will be used, as per the
set asyncio policy. If ``executor`` is not specified, the default event loop
executor will be used.
In case of success, an asynchronous file object is returned with an
API identical to an ordinary file, except the following methods are coroutines
and delegate to an executor:
* ``close``
* ``flush``
* ``isatty``
* ``read``
* ``readall``
* ``read1``
* ``readinto``
* ``readline``
* ``readlines``
* ``seek``
* ``seekable``
* ``tell``
* ``truncate``
* ``writable``
* ``write``
* ``writelines``
In case of failure, one of the usual exceptions will be raised.
The ``aiofiles.os`` module contains executor-enabled coroutine versions of
several useful ``os`` functions that deal with files:
* ``stat``
* ``sendfile``
Writing tests for aiofiles
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Real file IO can be mocked by patching ``aiofiles.threadpool.sync_open``
as desired. The return type also needs to be registered with the
``aiofiles.threadpool.wrap`` dispatcher:
.. code-block:: python
aiofiles.threadpool.wrap.register(mock.MagicMock)(
lambda *args, **kwargs: threadpool.AsyncBufferedIOBase(*args, **kwargs))
async def test_stuff():
data = 'data'
mock_file = mock.MagicMock()
with mock.patch('aiofiles.threadpool.sync_open', return_value=mock_file) as mock_open:
async with aiofiles.open('filename', 'w') as f:
await f.write(data)
mock_file.write.assert_called_once_with(data)
History
~~~~~~~
0.4.0 (2018-08-11)
``````````````````
- Python 3.7 support.
- Removed Python 3.3/3.4 support. If you use these versions, stick to aiofiles 0.3.x.
0.3.2 (2017-09-23)
``````````````````
- The LICENSE is now included in the sdist.
`#31 <https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles/pull/31>`_
0.3.1 (2017-03-10)
``````````````````
- Introduced a changelog.
- ``aiofiles.os.sendfile`` will now work if the standard ``os`` module contains a ``sendfile`` function.
Contributing
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Contributions are very welcome. Tests can be run with ``tox``, please ensure
the coverage at least stays the same before you submit a pull request.

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@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.0
Name: aiofiles
Version: 0.4.0
Summary: File support for asyncio.
Home-page: https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles
Author: Tin Tvrtkovic
Author-email: tinchester@gmail.com
License: Apache 2.0
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: System :: Filesystems
aiofiles: file support for asyncio
==================================
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/aiofiles.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/aiofiles
.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/Tinche/aiofiles.svg?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.org/Tinche/aiofiles
.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/Tinche/aiofiles/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/gh/Tinche/aiofiles
**aiofiles** is an Apache2 licensed library, written in Python, for handling local
disk files in asyncio applications.
Ordinary local file IO is blocking, and cannot easily and portably made
asynchronous. This means doing file IO may interfere with asyncio applications,
which shouldn't block the executing thread. aiofiles helps with this by
introducing asynchronous versions of files that support delegating operations to
a separate thread pool.
.. code-block:: python
async with aiofiles.open('filename', mode='r') as f:
contents = await f.read()
print(contents)
'My file contents'
Asynchronous iteration is also supported.
.. code-block:: python
async with aiofiles.open('filename') as f:
async for line in f:
...
Features
--------
- a file API very similar to Python's standard, blocking API
- support for buffered and unbuffered binary files, and buffered text files
- support for ``async``/``await`` (:PEP:`492`) constructs
Installation
------------
To install aiofiles, simply:
.. code-block:: bash
$ pip install aiofiles
Usage
-----
Files are opened using the ``aiofiles.open()`` coroutine, which in addition to
mirroring the builtin ``open`` accepts optional ``loop`` and ``executor``
arguments. If ``loop`` is absent, the default loop will be used, as per the
set asyncio policy. If ``executor`` is not specified, the default event loop
executor will be used.
In case of success, an asynchronous file object is returned with an
API identical to an ordinary file, except the following methods are coroutines
and delegate to an executor:
* ``close``
* ``flush``
* ``isatty``
* ``read``
* ``readall``
* ``read1``
* ``readinto``
* ``readline``
* ``readlines``
* ``seek``
* ``seekable``
* ``tell``
* ``truncate``
* ``writable``
* ``write``
* ``writelines``
In case of failure, one of the usual exceptions will be raised.
The ``aiofiles.os`` module contains executor-enabled coroutine versions of
several useful ``os`` functions that deal with files:
* ``stat``
* ``sendfile``
Writing tests for aiofiles
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Real file IO can be mocked by patching ``aiofiles.threadpool.sync_open``
as desired. The return type also needs to be registered with the
``aiofiles.threadpool.wrap`` dispatcher:
.. code-block:: python
aiofiles.threadpool.wrap.register(mock.MagicMock)(
lambda *args, **kwargs: threadpool.AsyncBufferedIOBase(*args, **kwargs))
async def test_stuff():
data = 'data'
mock_file = mock.MagicMock()
with mock.patch('aiofiles.threadpool.sync_open', return_value=mock_file) as mock_open:
async with aiofiles.open('filename', 'w') as f:
await f.write(data)
mock_file.write.assert_called_once_with(data)
History
~~~~~~~
0.4.0 (2018-08-11)
``````````````````
- Python 3.7 support.
- Removed Python 3.3/3.4 support. If you use these versions, stick to aiofiles 0.3.x.
0.3.2 (2017-09-23)
``````````````````
- The LICENSE is now included in the sdist.
`#31 <https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles/pull/31>`_
0.3.1 (2017-03-10)
``````````````````
- Introduced a changelog.
- ``aiofiles.os.sendfile`` will now work if the standard ``os`` module contains a ``sendfile`` function.
Contributing
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Contributions are very welcome. Tests can be run with ``tox``, please ensure
the coverage at least stays the same before you submit a pull request.

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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
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aiofiles/threadpool/binary.py,sha256=Ds7je-noWGqtwBOd21OF7DNV1m9VFt3Z29ynS7hGf-k,1102
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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.30.0)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any

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@ -0,0 +1 @@
{"classifiers": ["Development Status :: 4 - Beta", "Intended Audience :: Developers", "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7", "Topic :: System :: Filesystems"], "extensions": {"python.details": {"contacts": [{"email": "tinchester@gmail.com", "name": "Tin Tvrtkovic", "role": "author"}], "document_names": {"description": "DESCRIPTION.rst"}, "project_urls": {"Home": "https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles"}}}, "generator": "bdist_wheel (0.30.0)", "license": "Apache 2.0", "metadata_version": "2.0", "name": "aiofiles", "summary": "File support for asyncio.", "version": "0.4.0"}

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aiofiles

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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
"""Utilities for asyncio-friendly file handling."""
from .threadpool import open
__version__ = "0.4.0"
__all__ = (open,)

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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
import sys
try:
from functools import singledispatch
except ImportError: # pragma: nocover
from singledispatch import singledispatch
PY_35 = sys.version_info >= (3, 5)

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@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
"""Various base classes."""
import asyncio
from collections.abc import Coroutine
class AsyncBase:
def __init__(self, file, loop, executor):
self._file = file
self._loop = loop
self._executor = executor
def __aiter__(self):
"""We are our own iterator."""
return self
@asyncio.coroutine
def __anext__(self):
"""Simulate normal file iteration."""
line = yield from self.readline()
if line:
return line
else:
raise StopAsyncIteration
class _ContextManager(Coroutine):
__slots__ = ('_coro', '_obj')
def __init__(self, coro):
self._coro = coro
self._obj = None
def send(self, value):
return self._coro.send(value)
def throw(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
if val is None:
return self._coro.throw(typ)
elif tb is None:
return self._coro.throw(typ, val)
else:
return self._coro.throw(typ, val, tb)
def close(self):
return self._coro.close()
@property
def gi_frame(self):
return self._coro.gi_frame
@property
def gi_running(self):
return self._coro.gi_running
@property
def gi_code(self):
return self._coro.gi_code
def __next__(self):
return self.send(None)
@asyncio.coroutine
def __iter__(self):
resp = yield from self._coro
return resp
def __await__(self):
resp = yield from self._coro
return resp
@asyncio.coroutine
def __anext__(self):
resp = yield from self._coro
return resp
@asyncio.coroutine
def __aenter__(self):
self._obj = yield from self._coro
return self._obj
@asyncio.coroutine
def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
self._obj.close()
self._obj = None
class AiofilesContextManager(_ContextManager):
"""An adjusted async context manager for aiofiles."""
@asyncio.coroutine
def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
yield from self._obj.close()
self._obj = None

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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
"""Async executor versions of file functions from the os module."""
import asyncio
from functools import partial, wraps
import os
def wrap(func):
@asyncio.coroutine
@wraps(func)
def run(*args, loop=None, executor=None, **kwargs):
if loop is None:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
pfunc = partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
return loop.run_in_executor(executor, pfunc)
return run
stat = wrap(os.stat)
if hasattr(os, "sendfile"):
sendfile = wrap(os.sendfile)

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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
"""Handle files using a thread pool executor."""
import asyncio
from io import (FileIO, TextIOBase, BufferedReader, BufferedWriter,
BufferedRandom)
from functools import partial, singledispatch
from .binary import AsyncBufferedIOBase, AsyncBufferedReader, AsyncFileIO
from .text import AsyncTextIOWrapper
from ..base import AiofilesContextManager
sync_open = open
__all__ = ('open', )
def open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None,
closefd=True, opener=None, *, loop=None, executor=None):
return AiofilesContextManager(_open(file, mode=mode, buffering=buffering,
encoding=encoding, errors=errors,
newline=newline, closefd=closefd,
opener=opener, loop=loop,
executor=executor))
@asyncio.coroutine
def _open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None,
closefd=True, opener=None, *, loop=None, executor=None):
"""Open an asyncio file."""
if loop is None:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
cb = partial(sync_open, file, mode=mode, buffering=buffering,
encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline,
closefd=closefd, opener=opener)
f = yield from loop.run_in_executor(executor, cb)
return wrap(f, loop=loop, executor=executor)
@singledispatch
def wrap(file, *, loop=None, executor=None):
raise TypeError('Unsupported io type: {}.'.format(file))
@wrap.register(TextIOBase)
def _(file, *, loop=None, executor=None):
return AsyncTextIOWrapper(file, loop=loop, executor=executor)
@wrap.register(BufferedWriter)
def _(file, *, loop=None, executor=None):
return AsyncBufferedIOBase(file, loop=loop, executor=executor)
@wrap.register(BufferedReader)
@wrap.register(BufferedRandom)
def _(file, *, loop=None, executor=None):
return AsyncBufferedReader(file, loop=loop, executor=executor)
@wrap.register(FileIO)
def _(file, *, loop=None, executor=None):
return AsyncFileIO(file, loop, executor)

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@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
from ..base import AsyncBase
from .utils import (delegate_to_executor, proxy_property_directly,
proxy_method_directly)
@delegate_to_executor('close', 'flush', 'isatty', 'read', 'read1', 'readinto',
'readline', 'readlines', 'seek', 'seekable', 'tell',
'truncate', 'writable', 'write', 'writelines')
@proxy_method_directly('detach', 'fileno', 'readable')
@proxy_property_directly('closed', 'raw')
class AsyncBufferedIOBase(AsyncBase):
"""The asyncio executor version of io.BufferedWriter."""
@delegate_to_executor('peek')
class AsyncBufferedReader(AsyncBufferedIOBase):
"""The asyncio executor version of io.BufferedReader and Random."""
@delegate_to_executor('close', 'flush', 'isatty', 'read', 'readall', 'readinto',
'readline', 'readlines', 'seek', 'seekable', 'tell',
'truncate', 'writable', 'write', 'writelines')
@proxy_method_directly('fileno', 'readable')
@proxy_property_directly('closed')
class AsyncFileIO(AsyncBase):
"""The asyncio executor version of io.FileIO."""

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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
from .utils import (delegate_to_executor, proxy_property_directly,
proxy_method_directly)
from ..base import AsyncBase
@delegate_to_executor('close', 'flush', 'isatty', 'read', 'readable',
'readline', 'readlines', 'seek', 'seekable', 'tell',
'truncate', 'write', 'writable', 'writelines')
@proxy_method_directly('detach', 'fileno', 'readable')
@proxy_property_directly('buffer', 'closed', 'encoding', 'errors',
'line_buffering', 'newlines')
class AsyncTextIOWrapper(AsyncBase):
"""The asyncio executor version of io.TextIOWrapper."""

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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
import asyncio
import functools
def delegate_to_executor(*attrs):
def cls_builder(cls):
for attr_name in attrs:
setattr(cls, attr_name, _make_delegate_method(attr_name))
return cls
return cls_builder
def proxy_method_directly(*attrs):
def cls_builder(cls):
for attr_name in attrs:
setattr(cls, attr_name, _make_proxy_method(attr_name))
return cls
return cls_builder
def proxy_property_directly(*attrs):
def cls_builder(cls):
for attr_name in attrs:
setattr(cls, attr_name, _make_proxy_property(attr_name))
return cls
return cls_builder
def _make_delegate_method(attr_name):
@asyncio.coroutine
def method(self, *args, **kwargs):
cb = functools.partial(getattr(self._file, attr_name),
*args, **kwargs)
return (yield from self._loop.run_in_executor(self._executor, cb))
return method
def _make_proxy_method(attr_name):
def method(self, *args, **kwargs):
return getattr(self._file, attr_name)(*args, **kwargs)
return method
def _make_proxy_property(attr_name):
def proxy_property(self):
return getattr(self._file, attr_name)
return property(proxy_property)

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Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: blinker
Version: 1.4
Summary: Fast, simple object-to-object and broadcast signaling
Home-page: http://pythonhosted.org/blinker/
Author: Jason Kirtland
Author-email: jek@discorporate.us
License: MIT License
Description: [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/jek/blinker.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/jek/blinker)
# Blinker
Blinker provides a fast dispatching system that allows any number of
interested parties to subscribe to events, or "signals".
Signal receivers can subscribe to specific senders or receive signals
sent by any sender.
>>> from blinker import signal
>>> started = signal('round-started')
>>> def each(round):
... print "Round %s!" % round
...
>>> started.connect(each)
>>> def round_two(round):
... print "This is round two."
...
>>> started.connect(round_two, sender=2)
>>> for round in range(1, 4):
... started.send(round)
...
Round 1!
Round 2!
This is round two.
Round 3!
See the [Blinker documentation](https://pythonhosted.org/blinker/) for more information.
## Requirements
Blinker requires Python 2.4 or higher, Python 3.0 or higher, or Jython 2.5 or higher.
## Changelog Summary
1.3 (July 3, 2013)
- The global signal stash behind blinker.signal() is now backed by a
regular name-to-Signal dictionary. Previously, weak references were
held in the mapping and ephemeral usage in code like
``signal('foo').connect(...)`` could have surprising program behavior
depending on import order of modules.
- blinker.Namespace is now built on a regular dict. Use
blinker.WeakNamespace for the older, weak-referencing behavior.
- Signal.connect('text-sender') uses an alternate hashing strategy to
avoid sharp edges in text identity.
1.2 (October 26, 2011)
- Added Signal.receiver_connected and Signal.receiver_disconnected
per-Signal signals.
- Deprecated the global 'receiver_connected' signal.
- Verified Python 3.2 support (no changes needed!)
1.1 (July 21, 2010)
- Added ``@signal.connect_via(sender)`` decorator
- Added ``signal.connected_to`` shorthand name for the
``temporarily_connected_to`` context manager.
1.0 (March 28, 2010)
- Python 3.x compatibility
0.9 (February 26, 2010)
- Sphinx docs, project website
- Added ``with a_signal.temporarily_connected_to(receiver): ...`` support
Keywords: signal emit events broadcast
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.0
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.1
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
Classifier: Topic :: Utilities

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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
AUTHORS
CHANGES
LICENSE
MANIFEST.in
README.md
setup.cfg
setup.py
blinker/__init__.py
blinker/_saferef.py
blinker/_utilities.py
blinker/base.py
blinker.egg-info/PKG-INFO
blinker.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
blinker.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
blinker.egg-info/top_level.txt
docs/html/genindex.html
docs/html/index.html
docs/html/objects.inv
docs/html/search.html
docs/html/searchindex.js
docs/html/_sources/index.txt
docs/html/_static/basic.css
docs/html/_static/blinker-named.png
docs/html/_static/blinker64.png
docs/html/_static/comment-bright.png
docs/html/_static/comment-close.png
docs/html/_static/comment.png
docs/html/_static/doctools.js
docs/html/_static/down-pressed.png
docs/html/_static/down.png
docs/html/_static/file.png
docs/html/_static/flasky.css
docs/html/_static/jquery.js
docs/html/_static/minus.png
docs/html/_static/plus.png
docs/html/_static/pygments.css
docs/html/_static/searchtools.js
docs/html/_static/underscore.js
docs/html/_static/up-pressed.png
docs/html/_static/up.png
docs/html/_static/websupport.js
docs/source/conf.py
docs/source/index.rst
docs/source/_themes/flask_theme_support.py
docs/text/index.txt
tests/test_context.py
tests/test_saferef.py
tests/test_signals.py
tests/test_utilities.py

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
../blinker/_saferef.py
../blinker/_utilities.py
../blinker/base.py
../blinker/__init__.py
../blinker/__pycache__/_saferef.cpython-37.pyc
../blinker/__pycache__/_utilities.cpython-37.pyc
../blinker/__pycache__/base.cpython-37.pyc
../blinker/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc
PKG-INFO
top_level.txt
SOURCES.txt
dependency_links.txt

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@ -0,0 +1 @@
blinker

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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
from blinker.base import (
ANY,
NamedSignal,
Namespace,
Signal,
WeakNamespace,
receiver_connected,
signal,
)
__all__ = [
'ANY',
'NamedSignal',
'Namespace',
'Signal',
'WeakNamespace',
'receiver_connected',
'signal',
]
__version__ = '1.4'

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@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
# extracted from Louie, http://pylouie.org/
# updated for Python 3
#
# Copyright (c) 2006 Patrick K. O'Brien, Mike C. Fletcher,
# Matthew R. Scott
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
# with the distribution.
#
# * Neither the name of the <ORGANIZATION> nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
# from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
"""Refactored 'safe reference from dispatcher.py"""
import operator
import sys
import traceback
import weakref
try:
callable
except NameError:
def callable(object):
return hasattr(object, '__call__')
if sys.version_info < (3,):
get_self = operator.attrgetter('im_self')
get_func = operator.attrgetter('im_func')
else:
get_self = operator.attrgetter('__self__')
get_func = operator.attrgetter('__func__')
def safe_ref(target, on_delete=None):
"""Return a *safe* weak reference to a callable target.
- ``target``: The object to be weakly referenced, if it's a bound
method reference, will create a BoundMethodWeakref, otherwise
creates a simple weakref.
- ``on_delete``: If provided, will have a hard reference stored to
the callable to be called after the safe reference goes out of
scope with the reference object, (either a weakref or a
BoundMethodWeakref) as argument.
"""
try:
im_self = get_self(target)
except AttributeError:
if callable(on_delete):
return weakref.ref(target, on_delete)
else:
return weakref.ref(target)
else:
if im_self is not None:
# Turn a bound method into a BoundMethodWeakref instance.
# Keep track of these instances for lookup by disconnect().
assert hasattr(target, 'im_func') or hasattr(target, '__func__'), (
"safe_ref target %r has im_self, but no im_func, "
"don't know how to create reference" % target)
reference = BoundMethodWeakref(target=target, on_delete=on_delete)
return reference
class BoundMethodWeakref(object):
"""'Safe' and reusable weak references to instance methods.
BoundMethodWeakref objects provide a mechanism for referencing a
bound method without requiring that the method object itself
(which is normally a transient object) is kept alive. Instead,
the BoundMethodWeakref object keeps weak references to both the
object and the function which together define the instance method.
Attributes:
- ``key``: The identity key for the reference, calculated by the
class's calculate_key method applied to the target instance method.
- ``deletion_methods``: Sequence of callable objects taking single
argument, a reference to this object which will be called when
*either* the target object or target function is garbage
collected (i.e. when this object becomes invalid). These are
specified as the on_delete parameters of safe_ref calls.
- ``weak_self``: Weak reference to the target object.
- ``weak_func``: Weak reference to the target function.
Class Attributes:
- ``_all_instances``: Class attribute pointing to all live
BoundMethodWeakref objects indexed by the class's
calculate_key(target) method applied to the target objects.
This weak value dictionary is used to short-circuit creation so
that multiple references to the same (object, function) pair
produce the same BoundMethodWeakref instance.
"""
_all_instances = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
def __new__(cls, target, on_delete=None, *arguments, **named):
"""Create new instance or return current instance.
Basically this method of construction allows us to
short-circuit creation of references to already- referenced
instance methods. The key corresponding to the target is
calculated, and if there is already an existing reference,
that is returned, with its deletion_methods attribute updated.
Otherwise the new instance is created and registered in the
table of already-referenced methods.
"""
key = cls.calculate_key(target)
current = cls._all_instances.get(key)
if current is not None:
current.deletion_methods.append(on_delete)
return current
else:
base = super(BoundMethodWeakref, cls).__new__(cls)
cls._all_instances[key] = base
base.__init__(target, on_delete, *arguments, **named)
return base
def __init__(self, target, on_delete=None):
"""Return a weak-reference-like instance for a bound method.
- ``target``: The instance-method target for the weak reference,
must have im_self and im_func attributes and be
reconstructable via the following, which is true of built-in
instance methods::
target.im_func.__get__( target.im_self )
- ``on_delete``: Optional callback which will be called when
this weak reference ceases to be valid (i.e. either the
object or the function is garbage collected). Should take a
single argument, which will be passed a pointer to this
object.
"""
def remove(weak, self=self):
"""Set self.isDead to True when method or instance is destroyed."""
methods = self.deletion_methods[:]
del self.deletion_methods[:]
try:
del self.__class__._all_instances[self.key]
except KeyError:
pass
for function in methods:
try:
if callable(function):
function(self)
except Exception:
try:
traceback.print_exc()
except AttributeError:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]
print ('Exception during saferef %s '
'cleanup function %s: %s' % (self, function, e))
self.deletion_methods = [on_delete]
self.key = self.calculate_key(target)
im_self = get_self(target)
im_func = get_func(target)
self.weak_self = weakref.ref(im_self, remove)
self.weak_func = weakref.ref(im_func, remove)
self.self_name = str(im_self)
self.func_name = str(im_func.__name__)
def calculate_key(cls, target):
"""Calculate the reference key for this reference.
Currently this is a two-tuple of the id()'s of the target
object and the target function respectively.
"""
return (id(get_self(target)), id(get_func(target)))
calculate_key = classmethod(calculate_key)
def __str__(self):
"""Give a friendly representation of the object."""
return "%s(%s.%s)" % (
self.__class__.__name__,
self.self_name,
self.func_name,
)
__repr__ = __str__
def __nonzero__(self):
"""Whether we are still a valid reference."""
return self() is not None
def __cmp__(self, other):
"""Compare with another reference."""
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
return cmp(self.__class__, type(other))
return cmp(self.key, other.key)
def __call__(self):
"""Return a strong reference to the bound method.
If the target cannot be retrieved, then will return None,
otherwise returns a bound instance method for our object and
function.
Note: You may call this method any number of times, as it does
not invalidate the reference.
"""
target = self.weak_self()
if target is not None:
function = self.weak_func()
if function is not None:
return function.__get__(target)
return None

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from weakref import ref
from blinker._saferef import BoundMethodWeakref
try:
callable
except NameError:
def callable(object):
return hasattr(object, '__call__')
try:
from collections import defaultdict
except:
class defaultdict(dict):
def __init__(self, default_factory=None, *a, **kw):
if (default_factory is not None and
not hasattr(default_factory, '__call__')):
raise TypeError('first argument must be callable')
dict.__init__(self, *a, **kw)
self.default_factory = default_factory
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
except KeyError:
return self.__missing__(key)
def __missing__(self, key):
if self.default_factory is None:
raise KeyError(key)
self[key] = value = self.default_factory()
return value
def __reduce__(self):
if self.default_factory is None:
args = tuple()
else:
args = self.default_factory,
return type(self), args, None, None, self.items()
def copy(self):
return self.__copy__()
def __copy__(self):
return type(self)(self.default_factory, self)
def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
import copy
return type(self)(self.default_factory,
copy.deepcopy(self.items()))
def __repr__(self):
return 'defaultdict(%s, %s)' % (self.default_factory,
dict.__repr__(self))
try:
from contextlib import contextmanager
except ImportError:
def contextmanager(fn):
def oops(*args, **kw):
raise RuntimeError("Python 2.5 or above is required to use "
"context managers.")
oops.__name__ = fn.__name__
return oops
class _symbol(object):
def __init__(self, name):
"""Construct a new named symbol."""
self.__name__ = self.name = name
def __reduce__(self):
return symbol, (self.name,)
def __repr__(self):
return self.name
_symbol.__name__ = 'symbol'
class symbol(object):
"""A constant symbol.
>>> symbol('foo') is symbol('foo')
True
>>> symbol('foo')
foo
A slight refinement of the MAGICCOOKIE=object() pattern. The primary
advantage of symbol() is its repr(). They are also singletons.
Repeated calls of symbol('name') will all return the same instance.
"""
symbols = {}
def __new__(cls, name):
try:
return cls.symbols[name]
except KeyError:
return cls.symbols.setdefault(name, _symbol(name))
try:
text = (str, unicode)
except NameError:
text = str
def hashable_identity(obj):
if hasattr(obj, '__func__'):
return (id(obj.__func__), id(obj.__self__))
elif hasattr(obj, 'im_func'):
return (id(obj.im_func), id(obj.im_self))
elif isinstance(obj, text):
return obj
else:
return id(obj)
WeakTypes = (ref, BoundMethodWeakref)
class annotatable_weakref(ref):
"""A weakref.ref that supports custom instance attributes."""
def reference(object, callback=None, **annotations):
"""Return an annotated weak ref."""
if callable(object):
weak = callable_reference(object, callback)
else:
weak = annotatable_weakref(object, callback)
for key, value in annotations.items():
setattr(weak, key, value)
return weak
def callable_reference(object, callback=None):
"""Return an annotated weak ref, supporting bound instance methods."""
if hasattr(object, 'im_self') and object.im_self is not None:
return BoundMethodWeakref(target=object, on_delete=callback)
elif hasattr(object, '__self__') and object.__self__ is not None:
return BoundMethodWeakref(target=object, on_delete=callback)
return annotatable_weakref(object, callback)
class lazy_property(object):
"""A @property that is only evaluated once."""
def __init__(self, deferred):
self._deferred = deferred
self.__doc__ = deferred.__doc__
def __get__(self, obj, cls):
if obj is None:
return self
value = self._deferred(obj)
setattr(obj, self._deferred.__name__, value)
return value

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# -*- coding: utf-8; fill-column: 76 -*-
"""Signals and events.
A small implementation of signals, inspired by a snippet of Django signal
API client code seen in a blog post. Signals are first-class objects and
each manages its own receivers and message emission.
The :func:`signal` function provides singleton behavior for named signals.
"""
from warnings import warn
from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
from blinker._utilities import (
WeakTypes,
contextmanager,
defaultdict,
hashable_identity,
lazy_property,
reference,
symbol,
)
ANY = symbol('ANY')
ANY.__doc__ = 'Token for "any sender".'
ANY_ID = 0
class Signal(object):
"""A notification emitter."""
#: An :obj:`ANY` convenience synonym, allows ``Signal.ANY``
#: without an additional import.
ANY = ANY
@lazy_property
def receiver_connected(self):
"""Emitted after each :meth:`connect`.
The signal sender is the signal instance, and the :meth:`connect`
arguments are passed through: *receiver*, *sender*, and *weak*.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
"""
return Signal(doc="Emitted after a receiver connects.")
@lazy_property
def receiver_disconnected(self):
"""Emitted after :meth:`disconnect`.
The sender is the signal instance, and the :meth:`disconnect` arguments
are passed through: *receiver* and *sender*.
Note, this signal is emitted **only** when :meth:`disconnect` is
called explicitly.
The disconnect signal can not be emitted by an automatic disconnect
(due to a weakly referenced receiver or sender going out of scope),
as the receiver and/or sender instances are no longer available for
use at the time this signal would be emitted.
An alternative approach is available by subscribing to
:attr:`receiver_connected` and setting up a custom weakref cleanup
callback on weak receivers and senders.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
"""
return Signal(doc="Emitted after a receiver disconnects.")
def __init__(self, doc=None):
"""
:param doc: optional. If provided, will be assigned to the signal's
__doc__ attribute.
"""
if doc:
self.__doc__ = doc
#: A mapping of connected receivers.
#:
#: The values of this mapping are not meaningful outside of the
#: internal :class:`Signal` implementation, however the boolean value
#: of the mapping is useful as an extremely efficient check to see if
#: any receivers are connected to the signal.
self.receivers = {}
self._by_receiver = defaultdict(set)
self._by_sender = defaultdict(set)
self._weak_senders = {}
def connect(self, receiver, sender=ANY, weak=True):
"""Connect *receiver* to signal events sent by *sender*.
:param receiver: A callable. Will be invoked by :meth:`send` with
`sender=` as a single positional argument and any \*\*kwargs that
were provided to a call to :meth:`send`.
:param sender: Any object or :obj:`ANY`, defaults to ``ANY``.
Restricts notifications delivered to *receiver* to only those
:meth:`send` emissions sent by *sender*. If ``ANY``, the receiver
will always be notified. A *receiver* may be connected to
multiple *sender* values on the same Signal through multiple calls
to :meth:`connect`.
:param weak: If true, the Signal will hold a weakref to *receiver*
and automatically disconnect when *receiver* goes out of scope or
is garbage collected. Defaults to True.
"""
receiver_id = hashable_identity(receiver)
if weak:
receiver_ref = reference(receiver, self._cleanup_receiver)
receiver_ref.receiver_id = receiver_id
else:
receiver_ref = receiver
if sender is ANY:
sender_id = ANY_ID
else:
sender_id = hashable_identity(sender)
self.receivers.setdefault(receiver_id, receiver_ref)
self._by_sender[sender_id].add(receiver_id)
self._by_receiver[receiver_id].add(sender_id)
del receiver_ref
if sender is not ANY and sender_id not in self._weak_senders:
# wire together a cleanup for weakref-able senders
try:
sender_ref = reference(sender, self._cleanup_sender)
sender_ref.sender_id = sender_id
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self._weak_senders.setdefault(sender_id, sender_ref)
del sender_ref
# broadcast this connection. if receivers raise, disconnect.
if ('receiver_connected' in self.__dict__ and
self.receiver_connected.receivers):
try:
self.receiver_connected.send(self,
receiver=receiver,
sender=sender,
weak=weak)
except:
self.disconnect(receiver, sender)
raise
if receiver_connected.receivers and self is not receiver_connected:
try:
receiver_connected.send(self,
receiver_arg=receiver,
sender_arg=sender,
weak_arg=weak)
except:
self.disconnect(receiver, sender)
raise
return receiver
def connect_via(self, sender, weak=False):
"""Connect the decorated function as a receiver for *sender*.
:param sender: Any object or :obj:`ANY`. The decorated function
will only receive :meth:`send` emissions sent by *sender*. If
``ANY``, the receiver will always be notified. A function may be
decorated multiple times with differing *sender* values.
:param weak: If true, the Signal will hold a weakref to the
decorated function and automatically disconnect when *receiver*
goes out of scope or is garbage collected. Unlike
:meth:`connect`, this defaults to False.
The decorated function will be invoked by :meth:`send` with
`sender=` as a single positional argument and any \*\*kwargs that
were provided to the call to :meth:`send`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
def decorator(fn):
self.connect(fn, sender, weak)
return fn
return decorator
@contextmanager
def connected_to(self, receiver, sender=ANY):
"""Execute a block with the signal temporarily connected to *receiver*.
:param receiver: a receiver callable
:param sender: optional, a sender to filter on
This is a context manager for use in the ``with`` statement. It can
be useful in unit tests. *receiver* is connected to the signal for
the duration of the ``with`` block, and will be disconnected
automatically when exiting the block:
.. testsetup::
from __future__ import with_statement
from blinker import Signal
on_ready = Signal()
receiver = lambda sender: None
.. testcode::
with on_ready.connected_to(receiver):
# do stuff
on_ready.send(123)
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
self.connect(receiver, sender=sender, weak=False)
try:
yield None
except:
self.disconnect(receiver)
raise
else:
self.disconnect(receiver)
def temporarily_connected_to(self, receiver, sender=ANY):
"""An alias for :meth:`connected_to`.
:param receiver: a receiver callable
:param sender: optional, a sender to filter on
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. versionchanged:: 1.1
Renamed to :meth:`connected_to`. ``temporarily_connected_to`` was
deprecated in 1.2 and will be removed in a subsequent version.
"""
warn("temporarily_connected_to is deprecated; "
"use connected_to instead.",
DeprecationWarning)
return self.connected_to(receiver, sender)
def send(self, *sender, **kwargs):
"""Emit this signal on behalf of *sender*, passing on \*\*kwargs.
Returns a list of 2-tuples, pairing receivers with their return
value. The ordering of receiver notification is undefined.
:param \*sender: Any object or ``None``. If omitted, synonymous
with ``None``. Only accepts one positional argument.
:param \*\*kwargs: Data to be sent to receivers.
"""
# Using '*sender' rather than 'sender=None' allows 'sender' to be
# used as a keyword argument- i.e. it's an invisible name in the
# function signature.
if len(sender) == 0:
sender = None
elif len(sender) > 1:
raise TypeError('send() accepts only one positional argument, '
'%s given' % len(sender))
else:
sender = sender[0]
if not self.receivers:
return []
else:
return [(receiver, receiver(sender, **kwargs))
for receiver in self.receivers_for(sender)]
def has_receivers_for(self, sender):
"""True if there is probably a receiver for *sender*.
Performs an optimistic check only. Does not guarantee that all
weakly referenced receivers are still alive. See
:meth:`receivers_for` for a stronger search.
"""
if not self.receivers:
return False
if self._by_sender[ANY_ID]:
return True
if sender is ANY:
return False
return hashable_identity(sender) in self._by_sender
def receivers_for(self, sender):
"""Iterate all live receivers listening for *sender*."""
# TODO: test receivers_for(ANY)
if self.receivers:
sender_id = hashable_identity(sender)
if sender_id in self._by_sender:
ids = (self._by_sender[ANY_ID] |
self._by_sender[sender_id])
else:
ids = self._by_sender[ANY_ID].copy()
for receiver_id in ids:
receiver = self.receivers.get(receiver_id)
if receiver is None:
continue
if isinstance(receiver, WeakTypes):
strong = receiver()
if strong is None:
self._disconnect(receiver_id, ANY_ID)
continue
receiver = strong
yield receiver
def disconnect(self, receiver, sender=ANY):
"""Disconnect *receiver* from this signal's events.
:param receiver: a previously :meth:`connected<connect>` callable
:param sender: a specific sender to disconnect from, or :obj:`ANY`
to disconnect from all senders. Defaults to ``ANY``.
"""
if sender is ANY:
sender_id = ANY_ID
else:
sender_id = hashable_identity(sender)
receiver_id = hashable_identity(receiver)
self._disconnect(receiver_id, sender_id)
if ('receiver_disconnected' in self.__dict__ and
self.receiver_disconnected.receivers):
self.receiver_disconnected.send(self,
receiver=receiver,
sender=sender)
def _disconnect(self, receiver_id, sender_id):
if sender_id == ANY_ID:
if self._by_receiver.pop(receiver_id, False):
for bucket in self._by_sender.values():
bucket.discard(receiver_id)
self.receivers.pop(receiver_id, None)
else:
self._by_sender[sender_id].discard(receiver_id)
self._by_receiver[receiver_id].discard(sender_id)
def _cleanup_receiver(self, receiver_ref):
"""Disconnect a receiver from all senders."""
self._disconnect(receiver_ref.receiver_id, ANY_ID)
def _cleanup_sender(self, sender_ref):
"""Disconnect all receivers from a sender."""
sender_id = sender_ref.sender_id
assert sender_id != ANY_ID
self._weak_senders.pop(sender_id, None)
for receiver_id in self._by_sender.pop(sender_id, ()):
self._by_receiver[receiver_id].discard(sender_id)
def _cleanup_bookkeeping(self):
"""Prune unused sender/receiver bookeeping. Not threadsafe.
Connecting & disconnecting leave behind a small amount of bookeeping
for the receiver and sender values. Typical workloads using Blinker,
for example in most web apps, Flask, CLI scripts, etc., are not
adversely affected by this bookkeeping.
With a long-running Python process performing dynamic signal routing
with high volume- e.g. connecting to function closures, "senders" are
all unique object instances, and doing all of this over and over- you
may see memory usage will grow due to extraneous bookeeping. (An empty
set() for each stale sender/receiver pair.)
This method will prune that bookeeping away, with the caveat that such
pruning is not threadsafe. The risk is that cleanup of a fully
disconnected receiver/sender pair occurs while another thread is
connecting that same pair. If you are in the highly dynamic, unique
receiver/sender situation that has lead you to this method, that
failure mode is perhaps not a big deal for you.
"""
for mapping in (self._by_sender, self._by_receiver):
for _id, bucket in list(mapping.items()):
if not bucket:
mapping.pop(_id, None)
def _clear_state(self):
"""Throw away all signal state. Useful for unit tests."""
self._weak_senders.clear()
self.receivers.clear()
self._by_sender.clear()
self._by_receiver.clear()
receiver_connected = Signal("""\
Sent by a :class:`Signal` after a receiver connects.
:argument: the Signal that was connected to
:keyword receiver_arg: the connected receiver
:keyword sender_arg: the sender to connect to
:keyword weak_arg: true if the connection to receiver_arg is a weak reference
.. deprecated:: 1.2
As of 1.2, individual signals have their own private
:attr:`~Signal.receiver_connected` and
:attr:`~Signal.receiver_disconnected` signals with a slightly simplified
call signature. This global signal is planned to be removed in 1.6.
""")
class NamedSignal(Signal):
"""A named generic notification emitter."""
def __init__(self, name, doc=None):
Signal.__init__(self, doc)
#: The name of this signal.
self.name = name
def __repr__(self):
base = Signal.__repr__(self)
return "%s; %r>" % (base[:-1], self.name)
class Namespace(dict):
"""A mapping of signal names to signals."""
def signal(self, name, doc=None):
"""Return the :class:`NamedSignal` *name*, creating it if required.
Repeated calls to this function will return the same signal object.
"""
try:
return self[name]
except KeyError:
return self.setdefault(name, NamedSignal(name, doc))
class WeakNamespace(WeakValueDictionary):
"""A weak mapping of signal names to signals.
Automatically cleans up unused Signals when the last reference goes out
of scope. This namespace implementation exists for a measure of legacy
compatibility with Blinker <= 1.2, and may be dropped in the future.
.. versionadded:: 1.3
"""
def signal(self, name, doc=None):
"""Return the :class:`NamedSignal` *name*, creating it if required.
Repeated calls to this function will return the same signal object.
"""
try:
return self[name]
except KeyError:
return self.setdefault(name, NamedSignal(name, doc))
signal = Namespace().signal

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
click
~~~~~
Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
composable.
:copyright: © 2014 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE.rst for more details.
"""
# Core classes
from .core import Context, BaseCommand, Command, MultiCommand, Group, \
CommandCollection, Parameter, Option, Argument
# Globals
from .globals import get_current_context
# Decorators
from .decorators import pass_context, pass_obj, make_pass_decorator, \
command, group, argument, option, confirmation_option, \
password_option, version_option, help_option
# Types
from .types import ParamType, File, Path, Choice, IntRange, Tuple, \
DateTime, STRING, INT, FLOAT, BOOL, UUID, UNPROCESSED, FloatRange
# Utilities
from .utils import echo, get_binary_stream, get_text_stream, open_file, \
format_filename, get_app_dir, get_os_args
# Terminal functions
from .termui import prompt, confirm, get_terminal_size, echo_via_pager, \
progressbar, clear, style, unstyle, secho, edit, launch, getchar, \
pause
# Exceptions
from .exceptions import ClickException, UsageError, BadParameter, \
FileError, Abort, NoSuchOption, BadOptionUsage, BadArgumentUsage, \
MissingParameter
# Formatting
from .formatting import HelpFormatter, wrap_text
# Parsing
from .parser import OptionParser
__all__ = [
# Core classes
'Context', 'BaseCommand', 'Command', 'MultiCommand', 'Group',
'CommandCollection', 'Parameter', 'Option', 'Argument',
# Globals
'get_current_context',
# Decorators
'pass_context', 'pass_obj', 'make_pass_decorator', 'command', 'group',
'argument', 'option', 'confirmation_option', 'password_option',
'version_option', 'help_option',
# Types
'ParamType', 'File', 'Path', 'Choice', 'IntRange', 'Tuple',
'DateTime', 'STRING', 'INT', 'FLOAT', 'BOOL', 'UUID', 'UNPROCESSED',
'FloatRange',
# Utilities
'echo', 'get_binary_stream', 'get_text_stream', 'open_file',
'format_filename', 'get_app_dir', 'get_os_args',
# Terminal functions
'prompt', 'confirm', 'get_terminal_size', 'echo_via_pager',
'progressbar', 'clear', 'style', 'unstyle', 'secho', 'edit', 'launch',
'getchar', 'pause',
# Exceptions
'ClickException', 'UsageError', 'BadParameter', 'FileError',
'Abort', 'NoSuchOption', 'BadOptionUsage', 'BadArgumentUsage',
'MissingParameter',
# Formatting
'HelpFormatter', 'wrap_text',
# Parsing
'OptionParser',
]
# Controls if click should emit the warning about the use of unicode
# literals.
disable_unicode_literals_warning = False
__version__ = '7.0'

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import copy
import os
import re
from .utils import echo
from .parser import split_arg_string
from .core import MultiCommand, Option, Argument
from .types import Choice
try:
from collections import abc
except ImportError:
import collections as abc
WORDBREAK = '='
# Note, only BASH version 4.4 and later have the nosort option.
COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH = '''
%(complete_func)s() {
local IFS=$'\n'
COMPREPLY=( $( env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" \\
COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\
%(autocomplete_var)s=complete $1 ) )
return 0
}
%(complete_func)setup() {
local COMPLETION_OPTIONS=""
local BASH_VERSION_ARR=(${BASH_VERSION//./ })
# Only BASH version 4.4 and later have the nosort option.
if [ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[0]} -gt 4 ] || ([ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[0]} -eq 4 ] && [ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[1]} -ge 4 ]); then
COMPLETION_OPTIONS="-o nosort"
fi
complete $COMPLETION_OPTIONS -F %(complete_func)s %(script_names)s
}
%(complete_func)setup
'''
COMPLETION_SCRIPT_ZSH = '''
%(complete_func)s() {
local -a completions
local -a completions_with_descriptions
local -a response
response=("${(@f)$( env COMP_WORDS=\"${words[*]}\" \\
COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \\
%(autocomplete_var)s=\"complete_zsh\" \\
%(script_names)s )}")
for key descr in ${(kv)response}; do
if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then
completions+=("$key")
else
completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr")
fi
done
if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then
_describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U -Q
fi
if [ -n "$completions" ]; then
compadd -U -V unsorted -Q -a completions
fi
compstate[insert]="automenu"
}
compdef %(complete_func)s %(script_names)s
'''
_invalid_ident_char_re = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]')
def get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var, shell):
cf_name = _invalid_ident_char_re.sub('', prog_name.replace('-', '_'))
script = COMPLETION_SCRIPT_ZSH if shell == 'zsh' else COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH
return (script % {
'complete_func': '_%s_completion' % cf_name,
'script_names': prog_name,
'autocomplete_var': complete_var,
}).strip() + ';'
def resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args):
"""
Parse into a hierarchy of contexts. Contexts are connected through the parent variable.
:param cli: command definition
:param prog_name: the program that is running
:param args: full list of args
:return: the final context/command parsed
"""
ctx = cli.make_context(prog_name, args, resilient_parsing=True)
args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
while args:
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand):
if not ctx.command.chain:
cmd_name, cmd, args = ctx.command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
if cmd is None:
return ctx
ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx,
resilient_parsing=True)
args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
else:
# Walk chained subcommand contexts saving the last one.
while args:
cmd_name, cmd, args = ctx.command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
if cmd is None:
return ctx
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx,
allow_extra_args=True,
allow_interspersed_args=False,
resilient_parsing=True)
args = sub_ctx.args
ctx = sub_ctx
args = sub_ctx.protected_args + sub_ctx.args
else:
break
return ctx
def start_of_option(param_str):
"""
:param param_str: param_str to check
:return: whether or not this is the start of an option declaration (i.e. starts "-" or "--")
"""
return param_str and param_str[:1] == '-'
def is_incomplete_option(all_args, cmd_param):
"""
:param all_args: the full original list of args supplied
:param cmd_param: the current command paramter
:return: whether or not the last option declaration (i.e. starts "-" or "--") is incomplete and
corresponds to this cmd_param. In other words whether this cmd_param option can still accept
values
"""
if not isinstance(cmd_param, Option):
return False
if cmd_param.is_flag:
return False
last_option = None
for index, arg_str in enumerate(reversed([arg for arg in all_args if arg != WORDBREAK])):
if index + 1 > cmd_param.nargs:
break
if start_of_option(arg_str):
last_option = arg_str
return True if last_option and last_option in cmd_param.opts else False
def is_incomplete_argument(current_params, cmd_param):
"""
:param current_params: the current params and values for this argument as already entered
:param cmd_param: the current command parameter
:return: whether or not the last argument is incomplete and corresponds to this cmd_param. In
other words whether or not the this cmd_param argument can still accept values
"""
if not isinstance(cmd_param, Argument):
return False
current_param_values = current_params[cmd_param.name]
if current_param_values is None:
return True
if cmd_param.nargs == -1:
return True
if isinstance(current_param_values, abc.Iterable) \
and cmd_param.nargs > 1 and len(current_param_values) < cmd_param.nargs:
return True
return False
def get_user_autocompletions(ctx, args, incomplete, cmd_param):
"""
:param ctx: context associated with the parsed command
:param args: full list of args
:param incomplete: the incomplete text to autocomplete
:param cmd_param: command definition
:return: all the possible user-specified completions for the param
"""
results = []
if isinstance(cmd_param.type, Choice):
# Choices don't support descriptions.
results = [(c, None)
for c in cmd_param.type.choices if str(c).startswith(incomplete)]
elif cmd_param.autocompletion is not None:
dynamic_completions = cmd_param.autocompletion(ctx=ctx,
args=args,
incomplete=incomplete)
results = [c if isinstance(c, tuple) else (c, None)
for c in dynamic_completions]
return results
def get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, starts_with):
"""
:param ctx: context associated with the parsed command
:starts_with: string that visible commands must start with.
:return: all visible (not hidden) commands that start with starts_with.
"""
for c in ctx.command.list_commands(ctx):
if c.startswith(starts_with):
command = ctx.command.get_command(ctx, c)
if not command.hidden:
yield command
def add_subcommand_completions(ctx, incomplete, completions_out):
# Add subcommand completions.
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand):
completions_out.extend(
[(c.name, c.get_short_help_str()) for c in get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, incomplete)])
# Walk up the context list and add any other completion possibilities from chained commands
while ctx.parent is not None:
ctx = ctx.parent
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand) and ctx.command.chain:
remaining_commands = [c for c in get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, incomplete)
if c.name not in ctx.protected_args]
completions_out.extend([(c.name, c.get_short_help_str()) for c in remaining_commands])
def get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
"""
:param cli: command definition
:param prog_name: the program that is running
:param args: full list of args
:param incomplete: the incomplete text to autocomplete
:return: all the possible completions for the incomplete
"""
all_args = copy.deepcopy(args)
ctx = resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args)
if ctx is None:
return []
# In newer versions of bash long opts with '='s are partitioned, but it's easier to parse
# without the '='
if start_of_option(incomplete) and WORDBREAK in incomplete:
partition_incomplete = incomplete.partition(WORDBREAK)
all_args.append(partition_incomplete[0])
incomplete = partition_incomplete[2]
elif incomplete == WORDBREAK:
incomplete = ''
completions = []
if start_of_option(incomplete):
# completions for partial options
for param in ctx.command.params:
if isinstance(param, Option) and not param.hidden:
param_opts = [param_opt for param_opt in param.opts +
param.secondary_opts if param_opt not in all_args or param.multiple]
completions.extend([(o, param.help) for o in param_opts if o.startswith(incomplete)])
return completions
# completion for option values from user supplied values
for param in ctx.command.params:
if is_incomplete_option(all_args, param):
return get_user_autocompletions(ctx, all_args, incomplete, param)
# completion for argument values from user supplied values
for param in ctx.command.params:
if is_incomplete_argument(ctx.params, param):
return get_user_autocompletions(ctx, all_args, incomplete, param)
add_subcommand_completions(ctx, incomplete, completions)
# Sort before returning so that proper ordering can be enforced in custom types.
return sorted(completions)
def do_complete(cli, prog_name, include_descriptions):
cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ['COMP_WORDS'])
cword = int(os.environ['COMP_CWORD'])
args = cwords[1:cword]
try:
incomplete = cwords[cword]
except IndexError:
incomplete = ''
for item in get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
echo(item[0])
if include_descriptions:
# ZSH has trouble dealing with empty array parameters when returned from commands, so use a well defined character '_' to indicate no description is present.
echo(item[1] if item[1] else '_')
return True
def bashcomplete(cli, prog_name, complete_var, complete_instr):
if complete_instr.startswith('source'):
shell = 'zsh' if complete_instr == 'source_zsh' else 'bash'
echo(get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var, shell))
return True
elif complete_instr == 'complete' or complete_instr == 'complete_zsh':
return do_complete(cli, prog_name, complete_instr == 'complete_zsh')
return False

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import re
import io
import os
import sys
import codecs
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith('cygwin')
# Determine local App Engine environment, per Google's own suggestion
APP_ENGINE = ('APPENGINE_RUNTIME' in os.environ and
'Development/' in os.environ['SERVER_SOFTWARE'])
WIN = sys.platform.startswith('win') and not APP_ENGINE
DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 80
_ansi_re = re.compile(r'\033\[((?:\d|;)*)([a-zA-Z])')
def get_filesystem_encoding():
return sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding()
def _make_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors,
force_readable=False, force_writable=False):
if encoding is None:
encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(stream, encoding, errors,
line_buffering=True,
force_readable=force_readable,
force_writable=force_writable)
def is_ascii_encoding(encoding):
"""Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
try:
return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == 'ascii'
except LookupError:
return False
def get_best_encoding(stream):
"""Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
rv = getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
return 'utf-8'
return rv
class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
def __init__(self, stream, encoding, errors,
force_readable=False, force_writable=False, **extra):
self._stream = stream = _FixupStream(stream, force_readable,
force_writable)
io.TextIOWrapper.__init__(self, stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
# The io module is a place where the Python 3 text behavior
# was forced upon Python 2, so we need to unbreak
# it to look like Python 2.
if PY2:
def write(self, x):
if isinstance(x, str) or is_bytes(x):
try:
self.flush()
except Exception:
pass
return self.buffer.write(str(x))
return io.TextIOWrapper.write(self, x)
def writelines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
def __del__(self):
try:
self.detach()
except Exception:
pass
def isatty(self):
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
return self._stream.isatty()
class _FixupStream(object):
"""The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
traditionally implement. As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
some circumstances.
The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools
put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version
of jupyter notebook).
"""
def __init__(self, stream, force_readable=False, force_writable=False):
self._stream = stream
self._force_readable = force_readable
self._force_writable = force_writable
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._stream, name)
def read1(self, size):
f = getattr(self._stream, 'read1', None)
if f is not None:
return f(size)
# We only dispatch to readline instead of read in Python 2 as we
# do not want cause problems with the different implementation
# of line buffering.
if PY2:
return self._stream.readline(size)
return self._stream.read(size)
def readable(self):
if self._force_readable:
return True
x = getattr(self._stream, 'readable', None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.read(0)
except Exception:
return False
return True
def writable(self):
if self._force_writable:
return True
x = getattr(self._stream, 'writable', None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.write('')
except Exception:
try:
self._stream.write(b'')
except Exception:
return False
return True
def seekable(self):
x = getattr(self._stream, 'seekable', None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
except Exception:
return False
return True
if PY2:
text_type = unicode
bytes = str
raw_input = raw_input
string_types = (str, unicode)
int_types = (int, long)
iteritems = lambda x: x.iteritems()
range_type = xrange
def is_bytes(x):
return isinstance(x, (buffer, bytearray))
_identifier_re = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$')
# For Windows, we need to force stdout/stdin/stderr to binary if it's
# fetched for that. This obviously is not the most correct way to do
# it as it changes global state. Unfortunately, there does not seem to
# be a clear better way to do it as just reopening the file in binary
# mode does not change anything.
#
# An option would be to do what Python 3 does and to open the file as
# binary only, patch it back to the system, and then use a wrapper
# stream that converts newlines. It's not quite clear what's the
# correct option here.
#
# This code also lives in _winconsole for the fallback to the console
# emulation stream.
#
# There are also Windows environments where the `msvcrt` module is not
# available (which is why we use try-catch instead of the WIN variable
# here), such as the Google App Engine development server on Windows. In
# those cases there is just nothing we can do.
def set_binary_mode(f):
return f
try:
import msvcrt
except ImportError:
pass
else:
def set_binary_mode(f):
try:
fileno = f.fileno()
except Exception:
pass
else:
msvcrt.setmode(fileno, os.O_BINARY)
return f
try:
import fcntl
except ImportError:
pass
else:
def set_binary_mode(f):
try:
fileno = f.fileno()
except Exception:
pass
else:
flags = fcntl.fcntl(fileno, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(fileno, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags & ~os.O_NONBLOCK)
return f
def isidentifier(x):
return _identifier_re.search(x) is not None
def get_binary_stdin():
return set_binary_mode(sys.stdin)
def get_binary_stdout():
_wrap_std_stream('stdout')
return set_binary_mode(sys.stdout)
def get_binary_stderr():
_wrap_std_stream('stderr')
return set_binary_mode(sys.stderr)
def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors,
force_readable=True)
def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None):
_wrap_std_stream('stdout')
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors,
force_writable=True)
def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None):
_wrap_std_stream('stderr')
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors,
force_writable=True)
def filename_to_ui(value):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), 'replace')
return value
else:
import io
text_type = str
raw_input = input
string_types = (str,)
int_types = (int,)
range_type = range
isidentifier = lambda x: x.isidentifier()
iteritems = lambda x: iter(x.items())
def is_bytes(x):
return isinstance(x, (bytes, memoryview, bytearray))
def _is_binary_reader(stream, default=False):
try:
return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
except Exception:
return default
# This happens in some cases where the stream was already
# closed. In this case, we assume the default.
def _is_binary_writer(stream, default=False):
try:
stream.write(b'')
except Exception:
try:
stream.write('')
return False
except Exception:
pass
return default
return True
def _find_binary_reader(stream):
# We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
# This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
# the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so
# we need to deal with this case explicitly.
if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
return stream
buf = getattr(stream, 'buffer', None)
# Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
# actually binary in case it's closed.
if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
return buf
def _find_binary_writer(stream):
# We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
# This can happen because the official docs recommend detatching
# the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so
# we need to deal with this case explicitly.
if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
return stream
buf = getattr(stream, 'buffer', None)
# Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
# actually binary in case it's closed.
if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
return buf
def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream):
"""A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
# If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
# to ASCII. This appears to happen in certain unittest
# environments. It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
# but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or 'ascii')
def _is_compatible_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors):
stream_encoding = getattr(stream, 'encoding', None)
stream_errors = getattr(stream, 'errors', None)
# Perfect match.
if stream_encoding == encoding and stream_errors == errors:
return True
# Otherwise, it's only a compatible stream if we did not ask for
# an encoding.
if encoding is None:
return stream_encoding is not None
return False
def _force_correct_text_reader(text_reader, encoding, errors,
force_readable=False):
if _is_binary_reader(text_reader, False):
binary_reader = text_reader
else:
# If there is no target encoding set, we need to verify that the
# reader is not actually misconfigured.
if encoding is None and not _stream_is_misconfigured(text_reader):
return text_reader
if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_reader, encoding, errors):
return text_reader
# If the reader has no encoding, we try to find the underlying
# binary reader for it. If that fails because the environment is
# misconfigured, we silently go with the same reader because this
# is too common to happen. In that case, mojibake is better than
# exceptions.
binary_reader = _find_binary_reader(text_reader)
if binary_reader is None:
return text_reader
# At this point, we default the errors to replace instead of strict
# because nobody handles those errors anyways and at this point
# we're so fundamentally fucked that nothing can repair it.
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
return _make_text_stream(binary_reader, encoding, errors,
force_readable=force_readable)
def _force_correct_text_writer(text_writer, encoding, errors,
force_writable=False):
if _is_binary_writer(text_writer, False):
binary_writer = text_writer
else:
# If there is no target encoding set, we need to verify that the
# writer is not actually misconfigured.
if encoding is None and not _stream_is_misconfigured(text_writer):
return text_writer
if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_writer, encoding, errors):
return text_writer
# If the writer has no encoding, we try to find the underlying
# binary writer for it. If that fails because the environment is
# misconfigured, we silently go with the same writer because this
# is too common to happen. In that case, mojibake is better than
# exceptions.
binary_writer = _find_binary_writer(text_writer)
if binary_writer is None:
return text_writer
# At this point, we default the errors to replace instead of strict
# because nobody handles those errors anyways and at this point
# we're so fundamentally fucked that nothing can repair it.
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
return _make_text_stream(binary_writer, encoding, errors,
force_writable=force_writable)
def get_binary_stdin():
reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
if reader is None:
raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary '
'stream for sys.stdin.')
return reader
def get_binary_stdout():
writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
if writer is None:
raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary '
'stream for sys.stdout.')
return writer
def get_binary_stderr():
writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
if writer is None:
raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary '
'stream for sys.stderr.')
return writer
def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors,
force_readable=True)
def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors,
force_writable=True)
def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors,
force_writable=True)
def filename_to_ui(value):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), 'replace')
else:
value = value.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape') \
.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return value
def get_streerror(e, default=None):
if hasattr(e, 'strerror'):
msg = e.strerror
else:
if default is not None:
msg = default
else:
msg = str(e)
if isinstance(msg, bytes):
msg = msg.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return msg
def open_stream(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict',
atomic=False):
# Standard streams first. These are simple because they don't need
# special handling for the atomic flag. It's entirely ignored.
if filename == '-':
if any(m in mode for m in ['w', 'a', 'x']):
if 'b' in mode:
return get_binary_stdout(), False
return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
if 'b' in mode:
return get_binary_stdin(), False
return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
# Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
if not atomic:
if encoding is None:
return open(filename, mode), True
return io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors), True
# Some usability stuff for atomic writes
if 'a' in mode:
raise ValueError(
'Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that '
'would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary '
'file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly '
'if that\'s what you\'re after.'
)
if 'x' in mode:
raise ValueError('Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.')
if 'w' not in mode:
raise ValueError('Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.')
# Atomic writes are more complicated. They work by opening a file
# as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
# functionality to wrap it in a Python file. Then we wrap it in an
# atomic file that moves the file over on close.
import tempfile
fd, tmp_filename = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename),
prefix='.__atomic-write')
if encoding is not None:
f = io.open(fd, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
else:
f = os.fdopen(fd, mode)
return _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename)), True
# Used in a destructor call, needs extra protection from interpreter cleanup.
if hasattr(os, 'replace'):
_replace = os.replace
_can_replace = True
else:
_replace = os.rename
_can_replace = not WIN
class _AtomicFile(object):
def __init__(self, f, tmp_filename, real_filename):
self._f = f
self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
self._real_filename = real_filename
self.closed = False
@property
def name(self):
return self._real_filename
def close(self, delete=False):
if self.closed:
return
self._f.close()
if not _can_replace:
try:
os.remove(self._real_filename)
except OSError:
pass
_replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
self.closed = True
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._f, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._f)
auto_wrap_for_ansi = None
colorama = None
get_winterm_size = None
def strip_ansi(value):
return _ansi_re.sub('', value)
def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None):
if color is None:
if stream is None:
stream = sys.stdin
return not isatty(stream)
return not color
# If we're on Windows, we provide transparent integration through
# colorama. This will make ANSI colors through the echo function
# work automatically.
if WIN:
# Windows has a smaller terminal
DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 79
from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream, _wrap_std_stream
def _get_argv_encoding():
import locale
return locale.getpreferredencoding()
if PY2:
def raw_input(prompt=''):
sys.stderr.flush()
if prompt:
stdout = _default_text_stdout()
stdout.write(prompt)
stdin = _default_text_stdin()
return stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
try:
import colorama
except ImportError:
pass
else:
_ansi_stream_wrappers = WeakKeyDictionary()
def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream, color=None):
"""This function wraps a stream so that calls through colorama
are issued to the win32 console API to recolor on demand. It
also ensures to reset the colors if a write call is interrupted
to not destroy the console afterwards.
"""
try:
cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
except Exception:
cached = None
if cached is not None:
return cached
strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
rv = ansi_wrapper.stream
_write = rv.write
def _safe_write(s):
try:
return _write(s)
except:
ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
raise
rv.write = _safe_write
try:
_ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
except Exception:
pass
return rv
def get_winterm_size():
win = colorama.win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
colorama.win32.STDOUT).srWindow
return win.Right - win.Left, win.Bottom - win.Top
else:
def _get_argv_encoding():
return getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', None) or get_filesystem_encoding()
_get_windows_console_stream = lambda *x: None
_wrap_std_stream = lambda *x: None
def term_len(x):
return len(strip_ansi(x))
def isatty(stream):
try:
return stream.isatty()
except Exception:
return False
def _make_cached_stream_func(src_func, wrapper_func):
cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
def func():
stream = src_func()
try:
rv = cache.get(stream)
except Exception:
rv = None
if rv is not None:
return rv
rv = wrapper_func()
try:
stream = src_func() # In case wrapper_func() modified the stream
cache[stream] = rv
except Exception:
pass
return rv
return func
_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(
lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(
lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(
lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
binary_streams = {
'stdin': get_binary_stdin,
'stdout': get_binary_stdout,
'stderr': get_binary_stderr,
}
text_streams = {
'stdin': get_text_stdin,
'stdout': get_text_stdout,
'stderr': get_text_stderr,
}

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@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
click._termui_impl
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
placed in this module and only imported as needed.
:copyright: © 2014 by the Pallets team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE.rst for more details.
"""
import os
import sys
import time
import math
import contextlib
from ._compat import _default_text_stdout, range_type, PY2, isatty, \
open_stream, strip_ansi, term_len, get_best_encoding, WIN, int_types, \
CYGWIN
from .utils import echo
from .exceptions import ClickException
if os.name == 'nt':
BEFORE_BAR = '\r'
AFTER_BAR = '\n'
else:
BEFORE_BAR = '\r\033[?25l'
AFTER_BAR = '\033[?25h\n'
def _length_hint(obj):
"""Returns the length hint of an object."""
try:
return len(obj)
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
try:
get_hint = type(obj).__length_hint__
except AttributeError:
return None
try:
hint = get_hint(obj)
except TypeError:
return None
if hint is NotImplemented or \
not isinstance(hint, int_types) or \
hint < 0:
return None
return hint
class ProgressBar(object):
def __init__(self, iterable, length=None, fill_char='#', empty_char=' ',
bar_template='%(bar)s', info_sep=' ', show_eta=True,
show_percent=None, show_pos=False, item_show_func=None,
label=None, file=None, color=None, width=30):
self.fill_char = fill_char
self.empty_char = empty_char
self.bar_template = bar_template
self.info_sep = info_sep
self.show_eta = show_eta
self.show_percent = show_percent
self.show_pos = show_pos
self.item_show_func = item_show_func
self.label = label or ''
if file is None:
file = _default_text_stdout()
self.file = file
self.color = color
self.width = width
self.autowidth = width == 0
if length is None:
length = _length_hint(iterable)
if iterable is None:
if length is None:
raise TypeError('iterable or length is required')
iterable = range_type(length)
self.iter = iter(iterable)
self.length = length
self.length_known = length is not None
self.pos = 0
self.avg = []
self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
self.eta_known = False
self.finished = False
self.max_width = None
self.entered = False
self.current_item = None
self.is_hidden = not isatty(self.file)
self._last_line = None
self.short_limit = 0.5
def __enter__(self):
self.entered = True
self.render_progress()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.render_finish()
def __iter__(self):
if not self.entered:
raise RuntimeError('You need to use progress bars in a with block.')
self.render_progress()
return self.generator()
def is_fast(self):
return time.time() - self.start <= self.short_limit
def render_finish(self):
if self.is_hidden or self.is_fast():
return
self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
self.file.flush()
@property
def pct(self):
if self.finished:
return 1.0
return min(self.pos / (float(self.length) or 1), 1.0)
@property
def time_per_iteration(self):
if not self.avg:
return 0.0
return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
@property
def eta(self):
if self.length_known and not self.finished:
return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
return 0.0
def format_eta(self):
if self.eta_known:
t = int(self.eta)
seconds = t % 60
t //= 60
minutes = t % 60
t //= 60
hours = t % 24
t //= 24
if t > 0:
days = t
return '%dd %02d:%02d:%02d' % (days, hours, minutes, seconds)
else:
return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (hours, minutes, seconds)
return ''
def format_pos(self):
pos = str(self.pos)
if self.length_known:
pos += '/%s' % self.length
return pos
def format_pct(self):
return ('% 4d%%' % int(self.pct * 100))[1:]
def format_bar(self):
if self.length_known:
bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
elif self.finished:
bar = self.fill_char * self.width
else:
bar = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
bar[int((math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration)
/ 2.0 + 0.5) * self.width)] = self.fill_char
bar = ''.join(bar)
return bar
def format_progress_line(self):
show_percent = self.show_percent
info_bits = []
if self.length_known and show_percent is None:
show_percent = not self.show_pos
if self.show_pos:
info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
if show_percent:
info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
if self.item_show_func is not None:
item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
if item_info is not None:
info_bits.append(item_info)
return (self.bar_template % {
'label': self.label,
'bar': self.format_bar(),
'info': self.info_sep.join(info_bits)
}).rstrip()
def render_progress(self):
from .termui import get_terminal_size
if self.is_hidden:
return
buf = []
# Update width in case the terminal has been resized
if self.autowidth:
old_width = self.width
self.width = 0
clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
new_width = max(0, get_terminal_size()[0] - clutter_length)
if new_width < old_width:
buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
buf.append(' ' * self.max_width)
self.max_width = new_width
self.width = new_width
clear_width = self.width
if self.max_width is not None:
clear_width = self.max_width
buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
line = self.format_progress_line()
line_len = term_len(line)
if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
self.max_width = line_len
buf.append(line)
buf.append(' ' * (clear_width - line_len))
line = ''.join(buf)
# Render the line only if it changed.
if line != self._last_line and not self.is_fast():
self._last_line = line
echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
self.file.flush()
def make_step(self, n_steps):
self.pos += n_steps
if self.length_known and self.pos >= self.length:
self.finished = True
if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
return
self.last_eta = time.time()
# self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
# defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
# self.length.
if self.pos:
step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
else:
step = time.time() - self.start
self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
self.eta_known = self.length_known
def update(self, n_steps):
self.make_step(n_steps)
self.render_progress()
def finish(self):
self.eta_known = 0
self.current_item = None
self.finished = True
def generator(self):
"""
Returns a generator which yields the items added to the bar during
construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the yielded block
returns.
"""
if not self.entered:
raise RuntimeError('You need to use progress bars in a with block.')
if self.is_hidden:
for rv in self.iter:
yield rv
else:
for rv in self.iter:
self.current_item = rv
yield rv
self.update(1)
self.finish()
self.render_progress()
def pager(generator, color=None):
"""Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
stdout = _default_text_stdout()
if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
pager_cmd = (os.environ.get('PAGER', None) or '').strip()
if pager_cmd:
if WIN:
return _tempfilepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
return _pipepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
if os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'):
return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
if WIN or sys.platform.startswith('os2'):
return _tempfilepager(generator, 'more <', color)
if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0:
return _pipepager(generator, 'less', color)
import tempfile
fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.close(fd)
try:
if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('more "%s"' % filename) == 0:
return _pipepager(generator, 'more', color)
return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def _pipepager(generator, cmd, color):
"""Page through text by feeding it to another program. Invoking a
pager through this might support colors.
"""
import subprocess
env = dict(os.environ)
# If we're piping to less we might support colors under the
# condition that
cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit('/', 1)[-1].split()
if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == 'less':
less_flags = os.environ.get('LESS', '') + ' '.join(cmd_detail[1:])
if not less_flags:
env['LESS'] = '-R'
color = True
elif 'r' in less_flags or 'R' in less_flags:
color = True
c = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
env=env)
encoding = get_best_encoding(c.stdin)
try:
for text in generator:
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
c.stdin.write(text.encode(encoding, 'replace'))
except (IOError, KeyboardInterrupt):
pass
else:
c.stdin.close()
# Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
# search or other commands inside less).
#
# That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
# but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
#
# If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
# `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
while True:
try:
c.wait()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
else:
break
def _tempfilepager(generator, cmd, color):
"""Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""
import tempfile
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
# TODO: This never terminates if the passed generator never terminates.
text = "".join(generator)
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
with open_stream(filename, 'wb')[0] as f:
f.write(text.encode(encoding))
try:
os.system(cmd + ' "' + filename + '"')
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def _nullpager(stream, generator, color):
"""Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback."""
for text in generator:
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
stream.write(text)
class Editor(object):
def __init__(self, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True,
extension='.txt'):
self.editor = editor
self.env = env
self.require_save = require_save
self.extension = extension
def get_editor(self):
if self.editor is not None:
return self.editor
for key in 'VISUAL', 'EDITOR':
rv = os.environ.get(key)
if rv:
return rv
if WIN:
return 'notepad'
for editor in 'vim', 'nano':
if os.system('which %s >/dev/null 2>&1' % editor) == 0:
return editor
return 'vi'
def edit_file(self, filename):
import subprocess
editor = self.get_editor()
if self.env:
environ = os.environ.copy()
environ.update(self.env)
else:
environ = None
try:
c = subprocess.Popen('%s "%s"' % (editor, filename),
env=environ, shell=True)
exit_code = c.wait()
if exit_code != 0:
raise ClickException('%s: Editing failed!' % editor)
except OSError as e:
raise ClickException('%s: Editing failed: %s' % (editor, e))
def edit(self, text):
import tempfile
text = text or ''
if text and not text.endswith('\n'):
text += '\n'
fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='editor-', suffix=self.extension)
try:
if WIN:
encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
text = text.replace('\n', '\r\n')
else:
encoding = 'utf-8'
text = text.encode(encoding)
f = os.fdopen(fd, 'wb')
f.write(text)
f.close()
timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
self.edit_file(name)
if self.require_save \
and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
return None
f = open(name, 'rb')
try:
rv = f.read()
finally:
f.close()
return rv.decode('utf-8-sig').replace('\r\n', '\n')
finally:
os.unlink(name)
def open_url(url, wait=False, locate=False):
import subprocess
def _unquote_file(url):
try:
import urllib
except ImportError:
import urllib
if url.startswith('file://'):
url = urllib.unquote(url[7:])
return url
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
args = ['open']
if wait:
args.append('-W')
if locate:
args.append('-R')
args.append(_unquote_file(url))
null = open('/dev/null', 'w')
try:
return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
finally:
null.close()
elif WIN:
if locate:
url = _unquote_file(url)
args = 'explorer /select,"%s"' % _unquote_file(
url.replace('"', ''))
else:
args = 'start %s "" "%s"' % (
wait and '/WAIT' or '', url.replace('"', ''))
return os.system(args)
elif CYGWIN:
if locate:
url = _unquote_file(url)
args = 'cygstart "%s"' % (os.path.dirname(url).replace('"', ''))
else:
args = 'cygstart %s "%s"' % (
wait and '-w' or '', url.replace('"', ''))
return os.system(args)
try:
if locate:
url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or '.'
else:
url = _unquote_file(url)
c = subprocess.Popen(['xdg-open', url])
if wait:
return c.wait()
return 0
except OSError:
if url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')) and not locate and not wait:
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open(url)
return 0
return 1
def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch):
if ch == u'\x03':
raise KeyboardInterrupt()
if ch == u'\x04' and not WIN: # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
raise EOFError()
if ch == u'\x1a' and WIN: # Windows, Ctrl+Z
raise EOFError()
if WIN:
import msvcrt
@contextlib.contextmanager
def raw_terminal():
yield
def getchar(echo):
# The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
# the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
# return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
#
# `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
# returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
#
# Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
# a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
# the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
# "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
# keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
# E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
# resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
# This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
# "a with grave" and then "capital H".
#
# When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
# and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
# the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
# character is typed.
# The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
# cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
# \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
# read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
# limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
#
# Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
# is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
if echo:
func = msvcrt.getwche
else:
func = msvcrt.getwch
rv = func()
if rv in (u'\x00', u'\xe0'):
# \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
# see above.
rv += func()
_translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
return rv
else:
import tty
import termios
@contextlib.contextmanager
def raw_terminal():
if not isatty(sys.stdin):
f = open('/dev/tty')
fd = f.fileno()
else:
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
f = None
try:
old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
try:
tty.setraw(fd)
yield fd
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
sys.stdout.flush()
if f is not None:
f.close()
except termios.error:
pass
def getchar(echo):
with raw_terminal() as fd:
ch = os.read(fd, 32)
ch = ch.decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), 'replace')
if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
sys.stdout.write(ch)
_translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
return ch

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@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
import textwrap
from contextlib import contextmanager
class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width):
space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
if self.break_long_words:
last = reversed_chunks[-1]
cut = last[:space_left]
res = last[space_left:]
cur_line.append(cut)
reversed_chunks[-1] = res
elif not cur_line:
cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
@contextmanager
def extra_indent(self, indent):
old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
self.initial_indent += indent
self.subsequent_indent += indent
try:
yield
finally:
self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
def indent_only(self, text):
rv = []
for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
indent = self.initial_indent
if idx > 0:
indent = self.subsequent_indent
rv.append(indent + line)
return '\n'.join(rv)

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@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
import os
import sys
import codecs
from ._compat import PY2
# If someone wants to vendor click, we want to ensure the
# correct package is discovered. Ideally we could use a
# relative import here but unfortunately Python does not
# support that.
click = sys.modules[__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]]
def _find_unicode_literals_frame():
import __future__
if not hasattr(sys, '_getframe'): # not all Python implementations have it
return 0
frm = sys._getframe(1)
idx = 1
while frm is not None:
if frm.f_globals.get('__name__', '').startswith('click.'):
frm = frm.f_back
idx += 1
elif frm.f_code.co_flags & __future__.unicode_literals.compiler_flag:
return idx
else:
break
return 0
def _check_for_unicode_literals():
if not __debug__:
return
if not PY2 or click.disable_unicode_literals_warning:
return
bad_frame = _find_unicode_literals_frame()
if bad_frame <= 0:
return
from warnings import warn
warn(Warning('Click detected the use of the unicode_literals '
'__future__ import. This is heavily discouraged '
'because it can introduce subtle bugs in your '
'code. You should instead use explicit u"" literals '
'for your unicode strings. For more information see '
'https://click.palletsprojects.com/python3/'),
stacklevel=bad_frame)
def _verify_python3_env():
"""Ensures that the environment is good for unicode on Python 3."""
if PY2:
return
try:
import locale
fs_enc = codecs.lookup(locale.getpreferredencoding()).name
except Exception:
fs_enc = 'ascii'
if fs_enc != 'ascii':
return
extra = ''
if os.name == 'posix':
import subprocess
try:
rv = subprocess.Popen(['locale', '-a'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
except OSError:
rv = b''
good_locales = set()
has_c_utf8 = False
# Make sure we're operating on text here.
if isinstance(rv, bytes):
rv = rv.decode('ascii', 'replace')
for line in rv.splitlines():
locale = line.strip()
if locale.lower().endswith(('.utf-8', '.utf8')):
good_locales.add(locale)
if locale.lower() in ('c.utf8', 'c.utf-8'):
has_c_utf8 = True
extra += '\n\n'
if not good_locales:
extra += (
'Additional information: on this system no suitable UTF-8\n'
'locales were discovered. This most likely requires resolving\n'
'by reconfiguring the locale system.'
)
elif has_c_utf8:
extra += (
'This system supports the C.UTF-8 locale which is recommended.\n'
'You might be able to resolve your issue by exporting the\n'
'following environment variables:\n\n'
' export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8\n'
' export LANG=C.UTF-8'
)
else:
extra += (
'This system lists a couple of UTF-8 supporting locales that\n'
'you can pick from. The following suitable locales were\n'
'discovered: %s'
) % ', '.join(sorted(good_locales))
bad_locale = None
for locale in os.environ.get('LC_ALL'), os.environ.get('LANG'):
if locale and locale.lower().endswith(('.utf-8', '.utf8')):
bad_locale = locale
if locale is not None:
break
if bad_locale is not None:
extra += (
'\n\nClick discovered that you exported a UTF-8 locale\n'
'but the locale system could not pick up from it because\n'
'it does not exist. The exported locale is "%s" but it\n'
'is not supported'
) % bad_locale
raise RuntimeError(
'Click will abort further execution because Python 3 was'
' configured to use ASCII as encoding for the environment.'
' Consult https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/7.x/python3/ for'
' mitigation steps.' + extra
)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
#
# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
# echo and prmopt.
import io
import os
import sys
import zlib
import time
import ctypes
import msvcrt
from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper, text_type, PY2
from ctypes import byref, POINTER, c_int, c_char, c_char_p, \
c_void_p, py_object, c_ssize_t, c_ulong, windll, WINFUNCTYPE
try:
from ctypes import pythonapi
PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
except ImportError:
pythonapi = None
from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR, LPCWSTR
c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
kernel32 = windll.kernel32
GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(
('GetCommandLineW', windll.kernel32))
CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(
POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
('CommandLineToArgvW', windll.shell32))
STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
STDIN_FILENO = 0
STDOUT_FILENO = 1
STDERR_FILENO = 2
EOF = b'\x1a'
MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
class Py_buffer(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
('buf', c_void_p),
('obj', py_object),
('len', c_ssize_t),
('itemsize', c_ssize_t),
('readonly', c_int),
('ndim', c_int),
('format', c_char_p),
('shape', c_ssize_p),
('strides', c_ssize_p),
('suboffsets', c_ssize_p),
('internal', c_void_p)
]
if PY2:
_fields_.insert(-1, ('smalltable', c_ssize_t * 2))
# On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
# serverly limited.
if pythonapi is None:
get_buffer = None
else:
def get_buffer(obj, writable=False):
buf = Py_buffer()
flags = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
try:
buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
return buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
finally:
PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
def __init__(self, handle):
self.handle = handle
def isatty(self):
io.RawIOBase.isatty(self)
return True
class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
def readable(self):
return True
def readinto(self, b):
bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
if not bytes_to_be_read:
return 0
elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
raise ValueError('cannot read odd number of bytes from '
'UTF-16-LE encoded console')
buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
code_units_read = c_ulong()
rv = ReadConsoleW(self.handle, buffer, code_units_to_be_read,
byref(code_units_read), None)
if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
# wait for KeyboardInterrupt
time.sleep(0.1)
if not rv:
raise OSError('Windows error: %s' % GetLastError())
if buffer[0] == EOF:
return 0
return 2 * code_units_read.value
class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
def writable(self):
return True
@staticmethod
def _get_error_message(errno):
if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
return 'ERROR_SUCCESS'
elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
return 'ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY'
return 'Windows error %s' % errno
def write(self, b):
bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
buf = get_buffer(b)
code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written,
MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
code_units_written = c_ulong()
WriteConsoleW(self.handle, buf, code_units_to_be_written,
byref(code_units_written), None)
bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
return bytes_written
class ConsoleStream(object):
def __init__(self, text_stream, byte_stream):
self._text_stream = text_stream
self.buffer = byte_stream
@property
def name(self):
return self.buffer.name
def write(self, x):
if isinstance(x, text_type):
return self._text_stream.write(x)
try:
self.flush()
except Exception:
pass
return self.buffer.write(x)
def writelines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
def isatty(self):
return self.buffer.isatty()
def __repr__(self):
return '<ConsoleStream name=%r encoding=%r>' % (
self.name,
self.encoding,
)
class WindowsChunkedWriter(object):
"""
Wraps a stream (such as stdout), acting as a transparent proxy for all
attribute access apart from method 'write()' which we wrap to write in
limited chunks due to a Windows limitation on binary console streams.
"""
def __init__(self, wrapped):
# double-underscore everything to prevent clashes with names of
# attributes on the wrapped stream object.
self.__wrapped = wrapped
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.__wrapped, name)
def write(self, text):
total_to_write = len(text)
written = 0
while written < total_to_write:
to_write = min(total_to_write - written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN)
self.__wrapped.write(text[written:written+to_write])
written += to_write
_wrapped_std_streams = set()
def _wrap_std_stream(name):
# Python 2 & Windows 7 and below
if PY2 and sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] <= (6, 1) and name not in _wrapped_std_streams:
setattr(sys, name, WindowsChunkedWriter(getattr(sys, name)))
_wrapped_std_streams.add(name)
def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)),
'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)),
'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
if PY2:
def _hash_py_argv():
return zlib.crc32('\x00'.join(sys.argv[1:]))
_initial_argv_hash = _hash_py_argv()
def _get_windows_argv():
argc = c_int(0)
argv_unicode = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), byref(argc))
argv = [argv_unicode[i] for i in range(0, argc.value)]
if not hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
argv = argv[1:]
while len(argv) > 0:
arg = argv[0]
if not arg.startswith('-') or arg == '-':
break
argv = argv[1:]
if arg.startswith(('-c', '-m')):
break
return argv[1:]
_stream_factories = {
0: _get_text_stdin,
1: _get_text_stdout,
2: _get_text_stderr,
}
def _get_windows_console_stream(f, encoding, errors):
if get_buffer is not None and \
encoding in ('utf-16-le', None) \
and errors in ('strict', None) and \
hasattr(f, 'isatty') and f.isatty():
func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
if func is not None:
if not PY2:
f = getattr(f, 'buffer', None)
if f is None:
return None
else:
# If we are on Python 2 we need to set the stream that we
# deal with to binary mode as otherwise the exercise if a
# bit moot. The same problems apply as for
# get_binary_stdin and friends from _compat.
msvcrt.setmode(f.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
return func(f)

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import sys
import inspect
from functools import update_wrapper
from ._compat import iteritems
from ._unicodefun import _check_for_unicode_literals
from .utils import echo
from .globals import get_current_context
def pass_context(f):
"""Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
object as first argument.
"""
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
def pass_obj(f):
"""Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`). This is useful if that object
represents the state of a nested system.
"""
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
def make_pass_decorator(object_type, ensure=False):
"""Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
current context, it will find the innermost context of type
:func:`object_type`.
This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
from functools import update_wrapper
def decorator(f):
@pass_context
def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
return decorator
:param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
:param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
"""
def decorator(f):
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
ctx = get_current_context()
if ensure:
obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
else:
obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
if obj is None:
raise RuntimeError('Managed to invoke callback without a '
'context object of type %r existing'
% object_type.__name__)
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
return decorator
def _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls):
if isinstance(f, Command):
raise TypeError('Attempted to convert a callback into a '
'command twice.')
try:
params = f.__click_params__
params.reverse()
del f.__click_params__
except AttributeError:
params = []
help = attrs.get('help')
if help is None:
help = inspect.getdoc(f)
if isinstance(help, bytes):
help = help.decode('utf-8')
else:
help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
attrs['help'] = help
_check_for_unicode_literals()
return cls(name=name or f.__name__.lower().replace('_', '-'),
callback=f, params=params, **attrs)
def command(name=None, cls=None, **attrs):
r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
callback. This will also automatically attach all decorated
:func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
The name of the command defaults to the name of the function. If you
want to change that, you can pass the intended name as the first
argument.
All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
command :class:`Group`.
:param name: the name of the command. This defaults to the function
name with underscores replaced by dashes.
:param cls: the command class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Command`.
"""
if cls is None:
cls = Command
def decorator(f):
cmd = _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls)
cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
return cmd
return decorator
def group(name=None, **attrs):
"""Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback. This
works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
"""
attrs.setdefault('cls', Group)
return command(name, **attrs)
def _param_memo(f, param):
if isinstance(f, Command):
f.params.append(param)
else:
if not hasattr(f, '__click_params__'):
f.__click_params__ = []
f.__click_params__.append(param)
def argument(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Attaches an argument to the command. All positional arguments are
passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
:param cls: the argument class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Argument`.
"""
def decorator(f):
ArgumentClass = attrs.pop('cls', Argument)
_param_memo(f, ArgumentClass(param_decls, **attrs))
return f
return decorator
def option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Attaches an option to the command. All positional arguments are
passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
:param cls: the option class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Option`.
"""
def decorator(f):
# Issue 926, copy attrs, so pre-defined options can re-use the same cls=
option_attrs = attrs.copy()
if 'help' in option_attrs:
option_attrs['help'] = inspect.cleandoc(option_attrs['help'])
OptionClass = option_attrs.pop('cls', Option)
_param_memo(f, OptionClass(param_decls, **option_attrs))
return f
return decorator
def confirmation_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Shortcut for confirmation prompts that can be ignored by passing
``--yes`` as parameter.
This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with
the following parameters::
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value:
ctx.abort()
@click.command()
@click.option('--yes', is_flag=True, callback=callback,
expose_value=False, prompt='Do you want to continue?')
def dropdb():
pass
"""
def decorator(f):
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value:
ctx.abort()
attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True)
attrs.setdefault('callback', callback)
attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False)
attrs.setdefault('prompt', 'Do you want to continue?')
attrs.setdefault('help', 'Confirm the action without prompting.')
return option(*(param_decls or ('--yes',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def password_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Shortcut for password prompts.
This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with
the following parameters::
@click.command()
@click.option('--password', prompt=True, confirmation_prompt=True,
hide_input=True)
def changeadmin(password):
pass
"""
def decorator(f):
attrs.setdefault('prompt', True)
attrs.setdefault('confirmation_prompt', True)
attrs.setdefault('hide_input', True)
return option(*(param_decls or ('--password',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def version_option(version=None, *param_decls, **attrs):
"""Adds a ``--version`` option which immediately ends the program
printing out the version number. This is implemented as an eager
option that prints the version and exits the program in the callback.
:param version: the version number to show. If not provided Click
attempts an auto discovery via setuptools.
:param prog_name: the name of the program (defaults to autodetection)
:param message: custom message to show instead of the default
(``'%(prog)s, version %(version)s'``)
:param others: everything else is forwarded to :func:`option`.
"""
if version is None:
if hasattr(sys, '_getframe'):
module = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get('__name__')
else:
module = ''
def decorator(f):
prog_name = attrs.pop('prog_name', None)
message = attrs.pop('message', '%(prog)s, version %(version)s')
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
return
prog = prog_name
if prog is None:
prog = ctx.find_root().info_name
ver = version
if ver is None:
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
pass
else:
for dist in pkg_resources.working_set:
scripts = dist.get_entry_map().get('console_scripts') or {}
for script_name, entry_point in iteritems(scripts):
if entry_point.module_name == module:
ver = dist.version
break
if ver is None:
raise RuntimeError('Could not determine version')
echo(message % {
'prog': prog,
'version': ver,
}, color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True)
attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False)
attrs.setdefault('is_eager', True)
attrs.setdefault('help', 'Show the version and exit.')
attrs['callback'] = callback
return option(*(param_decls or ('--version',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def help_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Adds a ``--help`` option which immediately ends the program
printing out the help page. This is usually unnecessary to add as
this is added by default to all commands unless suppressed.
Like :func:`version_option`, this is implemented as eager option that
prints in the callback and exits.
All arguments are forwarded to :func:`option`.
"""
def decorator(f):
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True)
attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False)
attrs.setdefault('help', 'Show this message and exit.')
attrs.setdefault('is_eager', True)
attrs['callback'] = callback
return option(*(param_decls or ('--help',)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
# Circular dependencies between core and decorators
from .core import Command, Group, Argument, Option

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from ._compat import PY2, filename_to_ui, get_text_stderr
from .utils import echo
def _join_param_hints(param_hint):
if isinstance(param_hint, (tuple, list)):
return ' / '.join('"%s"' % x for x in param_hint)
return param_hint
class ClickException(Exception):
"""An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
#: The exit code for this exception
exit_code = 1
def __init__(self, message):
ctor_msg = message
if PY2:
if ctor_msg is not None:
ctor_msg = ctor_msg.encode('utf-8')
Exception.__init__(self, ctor_msg)
self.message = message
def format_message(self):
return self.message
def __str__(self):
return self.message
if PY2:
__unicode__ = __str__
def __str__(self):
return self.message.encode('utf-8')
def show(self, file=None):
if file is None:
file = get_text_stderr()
echo('Error: %s' % self.format_message(), file=file)
class UsageError(ClickException):
"""An internal exception that signals a usage error. This typically
aborts any further handling.
:param message: the error message to display.
:param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error. Click will
fill in the context automatically in some situations.
"""
exit_code = 2
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
ClickException.__init__(self, message)
self.ctx = ctx
self.cmd = self.ctx and self.ctx.command or None
def show(self, file=None):
if file is None:
file = get_text_stderr()
color = None
hint = ''
if (self.cmd is not None and
self.cmd.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None):
hint = ('Try "%s %s" for help.\n'
% (self.ctx.command_path, self.ctx.help_option_names[0]))
if self.ctx is not None:
color = self.ctx.color
echo(self.ctx.get_usage() + '\n%s' % hint, file=file, color=color)
echo('Error: %s' % self.format_message(), file=file, color=color)
class BadParameter(UsageError):
"""An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
bad parameter. This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
parameter it is).
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param param: the parameter object that caused this error. This can
be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
if possible.
:param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name. This
can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
where custom validation should happen. If it is
a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
each item is quoted and separated.
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None, param=None,
param_hint=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.param = param
self.param_hint = param_hint
def format_message(self):
if self.param_hint is not None:
param_hint = self.param_hint
elif self.param is not None:
param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
else:
return 'Invalid value: %s' % self.message
param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
return 'Invalid value for %s: %s' % (param_hint, self.message)
class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
"""Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
provided when invoking the script.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
:param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
The default is to inherit the parameter type from
the given `param`. Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, ctx=None, param=None,
param_hint=None, param_type=None):
BadParameter.__init__(self, message, ctx, param, param_hint)
self.param_type = param_type
def format_message(self):
if self.param_hint is not None:
param_hint = self.param_hint
elif self.param is not None:
param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
else:
param_hint = None
param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
param_type = self.param_type
if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
param_type = self.param.param_type_name
msg = self.message
if self.param is not None:
msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(self.param)
if msg_extra:
if msg:
msg += '. ' + msg_extra
else:
msg = msg_extra
return 'Missing %s%s%s%s' % (
param_type,
param_hint and ' %s' % param_hint or '',
msg and '. ' or '.',
msg or '',
)
class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
"""Raised if click attempted to handle an option that does not
exist.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
def __init__(self, option_name, message=None, possibilities=None,
ctx=None):
if message is None:
message = 'no such option: %s' % option_name
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.option_name = option_name
self.possibilities = possibilities
def format_message(self):
bits = [self.message]
if self.possibilities:
if len(self.possibilities) == 1:
bits.append('Did you mean %s?' % self.possibilities[0])
else:
possibilities = sorted(self.possibilities)
bits.append('(Possible options: %s)' % ', '.join(possibilities))
return ' '.join(bits)
class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
"""Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
for an option is not correct.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
:param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly.
"""
def __init__(self, option_name, message, ctx=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.option_name = option_name
class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
"""Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of values
for an argument is not correct.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
class FileError(ClickException):
"""Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
def __init__(self, filename, hint=None):
ui_filename = filename_to_ui(filename)
if hint is None:
hint = 'unknown error'
ClickException.__init__(self, hint)
self.ui_filename = ui_filename
self.filename = filename
def format_message(self):
return 'Could not open file %s: %s' % (self.ui_filename, self.message)
class Abort(RuntimeError):
"""An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""
class Exit(RuntimeError):
"""An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some
status code.
:param code: the status code to exit with.
"""
def __init__(self, code=0):
self.exit_code = code

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from contextlib import contextmanager
from .termui import get_terminal_size
from .parser import split_opt
from ._compat import term_len
# Can force a width. This is used by the test system
FORCED_WIDTH = None
def measure_table(rows):
widths = {}
for row in rows:
for idx, col in enumerate(row):
widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
def iter_rows(rows, col_count):
for row in rows:
row = tuple(row)
yield row + ('',) * (col_count - len(row))
def wrap_text(text, width=78, initial_indent='', subsequent_indent='',
preserve_paragraphs=False):
"""A helper function that intelligently wraps text. By default, it
assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
`preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
no rewrapping should happen in that block.
:param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
:param width: the maximum width for the text.
:param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
first line as a string.
:param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
each consecutive line.
:param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
intelligently handle paragraphs.
"""
from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
text = text.expandtabs()
wrapper = TextWrapper(width, initial_indent=initial_indent,
subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
replace_whitespace=False)
if not preserve_paragraphs:
return wrapper.fill(text)
p = []
buf = []
indent = None
def _flush_par():
if not buf:
return
if buf[0].strip() == '\b':
p.append((indent or 0, True, '\n'.join(buf[1:])))
else:
p.append((indent or 0, False, ' '.join(buf)))
del buf[:]
for line in text.splitlines():
if not line:
_flush_par()
indent = None
else:
if indent is None:
orig_len = term_len(line)
line = line.lstrip()
indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
buf.append(line)
_flush_par()
rv = []
for indent, raw, text in p:
with wrapper.extra_indent(' ' * indent):
if raw:
rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
else:
rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
return '\n\n'.join(rv)
class HelpFormatter(object):
"""This class helps with formatting text-based help pages. It's
usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
At present, it always writes into memory.
:param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
:param width: the width for the text. This defaults to the terminal
width clamped to a maximum of 78.
"""
def __init__(self, indent_increment=2, width=None, max_width=None):
self.indent_increment = indent_increment
if max_width is None:
max_width = 80
if width is None:
width = FORCED_WIDTH
if width is None:
width = max(min(get_terminal_size()[0], max_width) - 2, 50)
self.width = width
self.current_indent = 0
self.buffer = []
def write(self, string):
"""Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
self.buffer.append(string)
def indent(self):
"""Increases the indentation."""
self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
def dedent(self):
"""Decreases the indentation."""
self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
def write_usage(self, prog, args='', prefix='Usage: '):
"""Writes a usage line into the buffer.
:param prog: the program name.
:param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
:param prefix: the prefix for the first line.
"""
usage_prefix = '%*s%s ' % (self.current_indent, prefix, prog)
text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
# The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
indent = ' ' * term_len(usage_prefix)
self.write(wrap_text(args, text_width,
initial_indent=usage_prefix,
subsequent_indent=indent))
else:
# The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
self.write(usage_prefix)
self.write('\n')
indent = ' ' * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
self.write(wrap_text(args, text_width,
initial_indent=indent,
subsequent_indent=indent))
self.write('\n')
def write_heading(self, heading):
"""Writes a heading into the buffer."""
self.write('%*s%s:\n' % (self.current_indent, '', heading))
def write_paragraph(self):
"""Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
if self.buffer:
self.write('\n')
def write_text(self, text):
"""Writes re-indented text into the buffer. This rewraps and
preserves paragraphs.
"""
text_width = max(self.width - self.current_indent, 11)
indent = ' ' * self.current_indent
self.write(wrap_text(text, text_width,
initial_indent=indent,
subsequent_indent=indent,
preserve_paragraphs=True))
self.write('\n')
def write_dl(self, rows, col_max=30, col_spacing=2):
"""Writes a definition list into the buffer. This is how options
and commands are usually formatted.
:param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
:param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
:param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
second column.
"""
rows = list(rows)
widths = measure_table(rows)
if len(widths) != 2:
raise TypeError('Expected two columns for definition list')
first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
self.write('%*s%s' % (self.current_indent, '', first))
if not second:
self.write('\n')
continue
if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
self.write(' ' * (first_col - term_len(first)))
else:
self.write('\n')
self.write(' ' * (first_col + self.current_indent))
text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
lines = iter(wrap_text(second, text_width).splitlines())
if lines:
self.write(next(lines) + '\n')
for line in lines:
self.write('%*s%s\n' % (
first_col + self.current_indent, '', line))
else:
self.write('\n')
@contextmanager
def section(self, name):
"""Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
and the indents.
:param name: the section name that is written as heading.
"""
self.write_paragraph()
self.write_heading(name)
self.indent()
try:
yield
finally:
self.dedent()
@contextmanager
def indentation(self):
"""A context manager that increases the indentation."""
self.indent()
try:
yield
finally:
self.dedent()
def getvalue(self):
"""Returns the buffer contents."""
return ''.join(self.buffer)
def join_options(options):
"""Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
"""
rv = []
any_prefix_is_slash = False
for opt in options:
prefix = split_opt(opt)[0]
if prefix == '/':
any_prefix_is_slash = True
rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
rv = ', '.join(x[1] for x in rv)
return rv, any_prefix_is_slash

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from threading import local
_local = local()
def get_current_context(silent=False):
"""Returns the current click context. This can be used as a way to
access the current context object from anywhere. This is a more implicit
alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator. This function is
primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
interested in changing its behavior based on the current context.
To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
:param silent: is set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
is available. The default behavior is to raise a
:exc:`RuntimeError`.
"""
try:
return getattr(_local, 'stack')[-1]
except (AttributeError, IndexError):
if not silent:
raise RuntimeError('There is no active click context.')
def push_context(ctx):
"""Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
_local.__dict__.setdefault('stack', []).append(ctx)
def pop_context():
"""Removes the top level from the stack."""
_local.stack.pop()
def resolve_color_default(color=None):
""""Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag. If a
value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
the current context.
"""
if color is not None:
return color
ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
if ctx is not None:
return ctx.color

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
click.parser
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
and might cause us issues.
"""
import re
from collections import deque
from .exceptions import UsageError, NoSuchOption, BadOptionUsage, \
BadArgumentUsage
def _unpack_args(args, nargs_spec):
"""Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
and all remaining arguments as the second.
The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
Missing items are filled with `None`.
"""
args = deque(args)
nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
rv = []
spos = None
def _fetch(c):
try:
if spos is None:
return c.popleft()
else:
return c.pop()
except IndexError:
return None
while nargs_spec:
nargs = _fetch(nargs_spec)
if nargs == 1:
rv.append(_fetch(args))
elif nargs > 1:
x = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
# If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
# so we need to turn them around.
if spos is not None:
x.reverse()
rv.append(tuple(x))
elif nargs < 0:
if spos is not None:
raise TypeError('Cannot have two nargs < 0')
spos = len(rv)
rv.append(None)
# spos is the position of the wildcard (star). If it's not `None`,
# we fill it with the remainder.
if spos is not None:
rv[spos] = tuple(args)
args = []
rv[spos + 1:] = reversed(rv[spos + 1:])
return tuple(rv), list(args)
def _error_opt_args(nargs, opt):
if nargs == 1:
raise BadOptionUsage(opt, '%s option requires an argument' % opt)
raise BadOptionUsage(opt, '%s option requires %d arguments' % (opt, nargs))
def split_opt(opt):
first = opt[:1]
if first.isalnum():
return '', opt
if opt[1:2] == first:
return opt[:2], opt[2:]
return first, opt[1:]
def normalize_opt(opt, ctx):
if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
return opt
prefix, opt = split_opt(opt)
return prefix + ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)
def split_arg_string(string):
"""Given an argument string this attempts to split it into small parts."""
rv = []
for match in re.finditer(r"('([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)'"
r'|"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)"'
r'|\S+)\s*', string, re.S):
arg = match.group().strip()
if arg[:1] == arg[-1:] and arg[:1] in '"\'':
arg = arg[1:-1].encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace') \
.decode('unicode-escape')
try:
arg = type(string)(arg)
except UnicodeError:
pass
rv.append(arg)
return rv
class Option(object):
def __init__(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None, obj=None):
self._short_opts = []
self._long_opts = []
self.prefixes = set()
for opt in opts:
prefix, value = split_opt(opt)
if not prefix:
raise ValueError('Invalid start character for option (%s)'
% opt)
self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
self._short_opts.append(opt)
else:
self._long_opts.append(opt)
self.prefixes.add(prefix)
if action is None:
action = 'store'
self.dest = dest
self.action = action
self.nargs = nargs
self.const = const
self.obj = obj
@property
def takes_value(self):
return self.action in ('store', 'append')
def process(self, value, state):
if self.action == 'store':
state.opts[self.dest] = value
elif self.action == 'store_const':
state.opts[self.dest] = self.const
elif self.action == 'append':
state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)
elif self.action == 'append_const':
state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)
elif self.action == 'count':
state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1
else:
raise ValueError('unknown action %r' % self.action)
state.order.append(self.obj)
class Argument(object):
def __init__(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None):
self.dest = dest
self.nargs = nargs
self.obj = obj
def process(self, value, state):
if self.nargs > 1:
holes = sum(1 for x in value if x is None)
if holes == len(value):
value = None
elif holes != 0:
raise BadArgumentUsage('argument %s takes %d values'
% (self.dest, self.nargs))
state.opts[self.dest] = value
state.order.append(self.obj)
class ParsingState(object):
def __init__(self, rargs):
self.opts = {}
self.largs = []
self.rargs = rargs
self.order = []
class OptionParser(object):
"""The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
parse options and arguments. It's modelled after optparse and brings
a similar but vastly simplified API. It should generally not be used
directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
types or defaults).
:param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
should go with.
"""
def __init__(self, ctx=None):
#: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser. This might be
#: `None` for some advanced use cases.
self.ctx = ctx
#: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
#: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
#: non-option. Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
#: safely.
self.allow_interspersed_args = True
#: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options. By
#: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
#: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
#: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
self.ignore_unknown_options = False
if ctx is not None:
self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
self._short_opt = {}
self._long_opt = {}
self._opt_prefixes = set(['-', '--'])
self._args = []
def add_option(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None,
obj=None):
"""Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser. The destination
is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
provided. Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
``append``, ``appnd_const`` or ``count``.
The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
that is returned from the parser.
"""
if obj is None:
obj = dest
opts = [normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
option = Option(opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs,
const=const, obj=obj)
self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
for opt in option._short_opts:
self._short_opt[opt] = option
for opt in option._long_opts:
self._long_opt[opt] = option
def add_argument(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None):
"""Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
that is returned from the parser.
"""
if obj is None:
obj = dest
self._args.append(Argument(dest=dest, nargs=nargs, obj=obj))
def parse_args(self, args):
"""Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
arguments if there are any. The order is a list of objects as they
appear on the command line. If arguments appear multiple times they
will be memorized multiple times as well.
"""
state = ParsingState(args)
try:
self._process_args_for_options(state)
self._process_args_for_args(state)
except UsageError:
if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
raise
return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
def _process_args_for_args(self, state):
pargs, args = _unpack_args(state.largs + state.rargs,
[x.nargs for x in self._args])
for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
state.largs = args
state.rargs = []
def _process_args_for_options(self, state):
while state.rargs:
arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
arglen = len(arg)
# Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
# prefixes are valid.
if arg == '--':
return
elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
self._process_opts(arg, state)
elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
state.largs.append(arg)
else:
state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
return
# Say this is the original argument list:
# [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
# ^
# (we are about to process arg(i)).
#
# Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
# [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
# been removed from largs).
#
# The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
# If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
# then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
#
# largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
# rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
#
# If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
# *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
# not a very interesting subset!
def _match_long_opt(self, opt, explicit_value, state):
if opt not in self._long_opt:
possibilities = [word for word in self._long_opt
if word.startswith(opt)]
raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=possibilities, ctx=self.ctx)
option = self._long_opt[opt]
if option.takes_value:
# At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
# explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
# branch. This means that the inserted value will be fully
# consumed.
if explicit_value is not None:
state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
nargs = option.nargs
if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
_error_opt_args(nargs, opt)
elif nargs == 1:
value = state.rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
del state.rargs[:nargs]
elif explicit_value is not None:
raise BadOptionUsage(opt, '%s option does not take a value' % opt)
else:
value = None
option.process(value, state)
def _match_short_opt(self, arg, state):
stop = False
i = 1
prefix = arg[0]
unknown_options = []
for ch in arg[1:]:
opt = normalize_opt(prefix + ch, self.ctx)
option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
i += 1
if not option:
if self.ignore_unknown_options:
unknown_options.append(ch)
continue
raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx)
if option.takes_value:
# Any characters left in arg? Pretend they're the
# next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
if i < len(arg):
state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
stop = True
nargs = option.nargs
if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
_error_opt_args(nargs, opt)
elif nargs == 1:
value = state.rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
del state.rargs[:nargs]
else:
value = None
option.process(value, state)
if stop:
break
# If we got any unknown options we re-combinate the string of the
# remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
# to the state as new larg. This way there is basic combinatorics
# that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
state.largs.append(prefix + ''.join(unknown_options))
def _process_opts(self, arg, state):
explicit_value = None
# Long option handling happens in two parts. The first part is
# supporting explicitly attached values. In any case, we will try
# to long match the option first.
if '=' in arg:
long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split('=', 1)
else:
long_opt = arg
norm_long_opt = normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
# At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
# the long option matching code. Note that this allows options
# like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
try:
self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
except NoSuchOption:
# At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
# to try with short options. However there is a special rule
# which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
# (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
# short option code and will instead raise the no option
# error.
if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
return self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
raise
state.largs.append(arg)

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import os
import sys
import struct
import inspect
import itertools
from ._compat import raw_input, text_type, string_types, \
isatty, strip_ansi, get_winterm_size, DEFAULT_COLUMNS, WIN
from .utils import echo
from .exceptions import Abort, UsageError
from .types import convert_type, Choice, Path
from .globals import resolve_color_default
# The prompt functions to use. The doc tools currently override these
# functions to customize how they work.
visible_prompt_func = raw_input
_ansi_colors = {
'black': 30,
'red': 31,
'green': 32,
'yellow': 33,
'blue': 34,
'magenta': 35,
'cyan': 36,
'white': 37,
'reset': 39,
'bright_black': 90,
'bright_red': 91,
'bright_green': 92,
'bright_yellow': 93,
'bright_blue': 94,
'bright_magenta': 95,
'bright_cyan': 96,
'bright_white': 97,
}
_ansi_reset_all = '\033[0m'
def hidden_prompt_func(prompt):
import getpass
return getpass.getpass(prompt)
def _build_prompt(text, suffix, show_default=False, default=None, show_choices=True, type=None):
prompt = text
if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice):
prompt += ' (' + ", ".join(map(str, type.choices)) + ')'
if default is not None and show_default:
prompt = '%s [%s]' % (prompt, default)
return prompt + suffix
def prompt(text, default=None, hide_input=False, confirmation_prompt=False,
type=None, value_proc=None, prompt_suffix=': ', show_default=True,
err=False, show_choices=True):
"""Prompts a user for input. This is a convenience function that can
be used to prompt a user for input later.
If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal, this
function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
.. versionadded:: 7.0
Added the show_choices parameter.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param text: the text to show for the prompt.
:param default: the default value to use if no input happens. If this
is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
:param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
be hidden.
:param confirmation_prompt: asks for confirmation for the value.
:param type: the type to use to check the value against.
:param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
is invoked instead of the type conversion to
convert a value.
:param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
:param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
:param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice.
For example if type is a Choice of either day or week,
show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the
prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ".
"""
result = None
def prompt_func(text):
f = hide_input and hidden_prompt_func or visible_prompt_func
try:
# Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
# coloring through colorama on Windows
echo(text, nl=False, err=err)
return f('')
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
# Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
# A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
if hide_input:
echo(None, err=err)
raise Abort()
if value_proc is None:
value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
prompt = _build_prompt(text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type)
while 1:
while 1:
value = prompt_func(prompt)
if value:
break
elif default is not None:
if isinstance(value_proc, Path):
# validate Path default value(exists, dir_okay etc.)
value = default
break
return default
try:
result = value_proc(value)
except UsageError as e:
echo('Error: %s' % e.message, err=err)
continue
if not confirmation_prompt:
return result
while 1:
value2 = prompt_func('Repeat for confirmation: ')
if value2:
break
if value == value2:
return result
echo('Error: the two entered values do not match', err=err)
def confirm(text, default=False, abort=False, prompt_suffix=': ',
show_default=True, err=False):
"""Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param text: the question to ask.
:param default: the default for the prompt.
:param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
:param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
:param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
prompt = _build_prompt(text, prompt_suffix, show_default,
default and 'Y/n' or 'y/N')
while 1:
try:
# Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
# coloring through colorama on Windows
echo(prompt, nl=False, err=err)
value = visible_prompt_func('').lower().strip()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
raise Abort()
if value in ('y', 'yes'):
rv = True
elif value in ('n', 'no'):
rv = False
elif value == '':
rv = default
else:
echo('Error: invalid input', err=err)
continue
break
if abort and not rv:
raise Abort()
return rv
def get_terminal_size():
"""Returns the current size of the terminal as tuple in the form
``(width, height)`` in columns and rows.
"""
# If shutil has get_terminal_size() (Python 3.3 and later) use that
if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
import shutil
shutil_get_terminal_size = getattr(shutil, 'get_terminal_size', None)
if shutil_get_terminal_size:
sz = shutil_get_terminal_size()
return sz.columns, sz.lines
# We provide a sensible default for get_winterm_size() when being invoked
# inside a subprocess. Without this, it would not provide a useful input.
if get_winterm_size is not None:
size = get_winterm_size()
if size == (0, 0):
return (79, 24)
else:
return size
def ioctl_gwinsz(fd):
try:
import fcntl
import termios
cr = struct.unpack(
'hh', fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234'))
except Exception:
return
return cr
cr = ioctl_gwinsz(0) or ioctl_gwinsz(1) or ioctl_gwinsz(2)
if not cr:
try:
fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY)
try:
cr = ioctl_gwinsz(fd)
finally:
os.close(fd)
except Exception:
pass
if not cr or not cr[0] or not cr[1]:
cr = (os.environ.get('LINES', 25),
os.environ.get('COLUMNS', DEFAULT_COLUMNS))
return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0])
def echo_via_pager(text_or_generator, color=None):
"""This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
pager on stdout.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the `color` flag.
:param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a
generator emitting the text to page.
:param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection.
"""
color = resolve_color_default(color)
if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator):
i = text_or_generator()
elif isinstance(text_or_generator, string_types):
i = [text_or_generator]
else:
i = iter(text_or_generator)
# convert every element of i to a text type if necessary
text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, string_types) else text_type(el)
for el in i)
from ._termui_impl import pager
return pager(itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"), color)
def progressbar(iterable=None, length=None, label=None, show_eta=True,
show_percent=None, show_pos=False,
item_show_func=None, fill_char='#', empty_char='-',
bar_template='%(label)s [%(bar)s] %(info)s',
info_sep=' ', width=36, file=None, color=None):
"""This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
to iterate over something while showing a progress bar. It will
either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
up). While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
to calculate remaining time and more. By default, this progress bar
will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
The context manager creates the progress bar. When the context
manager is entered the progress bar is already displayed. With every
iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
advanced and the bar is updated. When the context manager exits,
a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
destroyed.
Example usage::
with progressbar(items) as bar:
for item in bar:
do_something_with(item)
Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
iterating over the progress bar. The update method accepts the number
of steps to increment the bar with::
with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
for chunk in chunks:
process_chunk(chunk)
bar.update(chunks.bytes)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `color` parameter. Added a `update` method to the
progressbar object.
:param iterable: an iterable to iterate over. If not provided the length
is required.
:param length: the number of items to iterate over. By default the
progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
length, which might or might not work. If an iterable is
also provided this parameter can be used to override the
length. If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
will iterate over a range of that length.
:param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
:param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display. This is
automatically disabled if the length cannot be
determined.
:param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display. The
default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
`False` if not.
:param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display. The
default is `False`.
:param item_show_func: a function called with the current item which
can return a string to show the current item
next to the progress bar. Note that the current
item can be `None`!
:param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
progress bar.
:param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
the progress bar.
:param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
info section.
:param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
:param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
terminal width
:param file: the file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
only the label is printed.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI
codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
which is not the case by default.
"""
from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
color = resolve_color_default(color)
return ProgressBar(iterable=iterable, length=length, show_eta=show_eta,
show_percent=show_percent, show_pos=show_pos,
item_show_func=item_show_func, fill_char=fill_char,
empty_char=empty_char, bar_template=bar_template,
info_sep=info_sep, file=file, label=label,
width=width, color=color)
def clear():
"""Clears the terminal screen. This will have the effect of clearing
the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
top left. This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
if not isatty(sys.stdout):
return
# If we're on Windows and we don't have colorama available, then we
# clear the screen by shelling out. Otherwise we can use an escape
# sequence.
if WIN:
os.system('cls')
else:
sys.stdout.write('\033[2J\033[1;1H')
def style(text, fg=None, bg=None, bold=None, dim=None, underline=None,
blink=None, reverse=None, reset=True):
"""Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string. By
default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
of the string a reset code is issued. This can be prevented by
passing ``reset=False``.
Examples::
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
Supported color names:
* ``black`` (might be a gray)
* ``red``
* ``green``
* ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
* ``blue``
* ``magenta``
* ``cyan``
* ``white`` (might be light gray)
* ``bright_black``
* ``bright_red``
* ``bright_green``
* ``bright_yellow``
* ``bright_blue``
* ``bright_magenta``
* ``bright_cyan``
* ``bright_white``
* ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 7.0
Added support for bright colors.
:param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
:param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
:param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
:param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
:param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode. This is
badly supported.
:param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
:param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
:param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
rendering (foreground becomes background and the
other way round).
:param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
string which means that styles do not carry over. This
can be disabled to compose styles.
"""
bits = []
if fg:
try:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (_ansi_colors[fg]))
except KeyError:
raise TypeError('Unknown color %r' % fg)
if bg:
try:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (_ansi_colors[bg] + 10))
except KeyError:
raise TypeError('Unknown color %r' % bg)
if bold is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (1 if bold else 22))
if dim is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (2 if dim else 22))
if underline is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (4 if underline else 24))
if blink is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (5 if blink else 25))
if reverse is not None:
bits.append('\033[%dm' % (7 if reverse else 27))
bits.append(text)
if reset:
bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
return ''.join(bits)
def unstyle(text):
"""Removes ANSI styling information from a string. Usually it's not
necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
automatically remove styling if necessary.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param text: the text to remove style information from.
"""
return strip_ansi(text)
def secho(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None, **styles):
"""This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
call. As such the following two calls are the same::
click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
depending on which one they go with.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
if message is not None:
message = style(message, **styles)
return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
def edit(text=None, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True,
extension='.txt', filename=None):
r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor. If an editor is given
(should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
the detected editor. Optionally, some environment variables can be
used. If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned. In
case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
`require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa. As such,
the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
:param text: the text to edit.
:param editor: optionally the editor to use. Defaults to automatic
detection.
:param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
:param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
will make the return value become `None`.
:param extension: the extension to tell the editor about. This defaults
to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
highlighting.
:param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
provided text contents. It will not use a temporary
file as an indirection in that case.
"""
from ._termui_impl import Editor
editor = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save,
extension=extension)
if filename is None:
return editor.edit(text)
editor.edit_file(filename)
def launch(url, wait=False, locate=False):
"""This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
viewer application for this file type. If this is an executable, it
might launch the executable in a new session. The return value is
the exit code of the launched application. Usually, ``0`` indicates
success.
Examples::
click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/')
click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
:param wait: waits for the program to stop.
:param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
application associated with the URL it will attempt to
launch a file manager with the file located. This
might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
the filesystem.
"""
from ._termui_impl import open_url
return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead. This is used
# for unittesting purposes.
_getchar = None
def getchar(echo=False):
"""Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it. This
will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
circumstances this might return more than one character. The
situations which more than one character is returned is when for
whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
standard input was not actually a terminal.
Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
is piped into the standard input.
Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this
function might wait for a second character and then return both at once.
This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
the terminal. The default is to not show it.
"""
f = _getchar
if f is None:
from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
return f(echo)
def raw_terminal():
from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f
return f()
def pause(info='Press any key to continue ...', err=False):
"""This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
key to continue. This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
command. If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
will instead do nothing.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param info: the info string to print before pausing.
:param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
return
try:
if info:
echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
try:
getchar()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
pass
finally:
if info:
echo(err=err)

View File

@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
import os
import sys
import shutil
import tempfile
import contextlib
import shlex
from ._compat import iteritems, PY2, string_types
# If someone wants to vendor click, we want to ensure the
# correct package is discovered. Ideally we could use a
# relative import here but unfortunately Python does not
# support that.
clickpkg = sys.modules[__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]]
if PY2:
from cStringIO import StringIO
else:
import io
from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
class EchoingStdin(object):
def __init__(self, input, output):
self._input = input
self._output = output
def __getattr__(self, x):
return getattr(self._input, x)
def _echo(self, rv):
self._output.write(rv)
return rv
def read(self, n=-1):
return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
def readline(self, n=-1):
return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
def readlines(self):
return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._input)
def make_input_stream(input, charset):
# Is already an input stream.
if hasattr(input, 'read'):
if PY2:
return input
rv = _find_binary_reader(input)
if rv is not None:
return rv
raise TypeError('Could not find binary reader for input stream.')
if input is None:
input = b''
elif not isinstance(input, bytes):
input = input.encode(charset)
if PY2:
return StringIO(input)
return io.BytesIO(input)
class Result(object):
"""Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script."""
def __init__(self, runner, stdout_bytes, stderr_bytes, exit_code,
exception, exc_info=None):
#: The runner that created the result
self.runner = runner
#: The standard output as bytes.
self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes
#: The standard error as bytes, or False(y) if not available
self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes
#: The exit code as integer.
self.exit_code = exit_code
#: The exception that happened if one did.
self.exception = exception
#: The traceback
self.exc_info = exc_info
@property
def output(self):
"""The (standard) output as unicode string."""
return self.stdout
@property
def stdout(self):
"""The standard output as unicode string."""
return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, 'replace') \
.replace('\r\n', '\n')
@property
def stderr(self):
"""The standard error as unicode string."""
if not self.stderr_bytes:
raise ValueError("stderr not separately captured")
return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, 'replace') \
.replace('\r\n', '\n')
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s %s>' % (
type(self).__name__,
self.exception and repr(self.exception) or 'okay',
)
class CliRunner(object):
"""The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment. This only
works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
global interpreter state.
:param charset: the character set for the input and output data. This is
UTF-8 by default and should not be changed currently as
the reporting to Click only works in Python 2 properly.
:param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
:param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from stdin writes
to stdout. This is useful for showing examples in
some circumstances. Note that regular prompts
will automatically echo the input.
:param mix_stderr: if this is set to `False`, then stdout and stderr are
preserved as independent streams. This is useful for
Unix-philosophy apps that have predictable stdout and
noisy stderr, such that each may be measured
independently
"""
def __init__(self, charset=None, env=None, echo_stdin=False,
mix_stderr=True):
if charset is None:
charset = 'utf-8'
self.charset = charset
self.env = env or {}
self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
self.mix_stderr = mix_stderr
def get_default_prog_name(self, cli):
"""Given a command object it will return the default program name
for it. The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
set.
"""
return cli.name or 'root'
def make_env(self, overrides=None):
"""Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
rv = dict(self.env)
if overrides:
rv.update(overrides)
return rv
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolation(self, input=None, env=None, color=False):
"""A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
command line tool. This sets up stdin with the given input data
and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
prompt functionality).
This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
The ``color`` parameter was added.
:param input: the input stream to put into sys.stdin.
:param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
:param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
application can still override this explicitly.
"""
input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
old_stdin = sys.stdin
old_stdout = sys.stdout
old_stderr = sys.stderr
old_forced_width = clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
env = self.make_env(env)
if PY2:
bytes_output = StringIO()
if self.echo_stdin:
input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output)
sys.stdout = bytes_output
if not self.mix_stderr:
bytes_error = StringIO()
sys.stderr = bytes_error
else:
bytes_output = io.BytesIO()
if self.echo_stdin:
input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output)
input = io.TextIOWrapper(input, encoding=self.charset)
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(
bytes_output, encoding=self.charset)
if not self.mix_stderr:
bytes_error = io.BytesIO()
sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(
bytes_error, encoding=self.charset)
if self.mix_stderr:
sys.stderr = sys.stdout
sys.stdin = input
def visible_input(prompt=None):
sys.stdout.write(prompt or '')
val = input.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
sys.stdout.write(val + '\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
return val
def hidden_input(prompt=None):
sys.stdout.write((prompt or '') + '\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
return input.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
def _getchar(echo):
char = sys.stdin.read(1)
if echo:
sys.stdout.write(char)
sys.stdout.flush()
return char
default_color = color
def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None):
if color is None:
return not default_color
return not color
old_visible_prompt_func = clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func
old_hidden_prompt_func = clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func
old__getchar_func = clickpkg.termui._getchar
old_should_strip_ansi = clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi
clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
clickpkg.termui._getchar = _getchar
clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
old_env = {}
try:
for key, value in iteritems(env):
old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
if value is None:
try:
del os.environ[key]
except Exception:
pass
else:
os.environ[key] = value
yield (bytes_output, not self.mix_stderr and bytes_error)
finally:
for key, value in iteritems(old_env):
if value is None:
try:
del os.environ[key]
except Exception:
pass
else:
os.environ[key] = value
sys.stdout = old_stdout
sys.stderr = old_stderr
sys.stdin = old_stdin
clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
clickpkg.termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi
clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
def invoke(self, cli, args=None, input=None, env=None,
catch_exceptions=True, color=False, mix_stderr=False, **extra):
"""Invokes a command in an isolated environment. The arguments are
forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
the command.
This returns a :class:`Result` object.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
The ``catch_exceptions`` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The result object now has an `exc_info` attribute with the
traceback if available.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
The ``color`` parameter was added.
:param cli: the command to invoke
:param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable
or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted
as a Unix shell command. More details at
:func:`shlex.split`.
:param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
:param env: the environment overrides.
:param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
``SystemExit``.
:param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
:param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
application can still override this explicitly.
"""
exc_info = None
with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams:
exception = None
exit_code = 0
if isinstance(args, string_types):
args = shlex.split(args)
try:
prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name")
except KeyError:
prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli)
try:
cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra)
except SystemExit as e:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
exit_code = e.code
if exit_code is None:
exit_code = 0
if exit_code != 0:
exception = e
if not isinstance(exit_code, int):
sys.stdout.write(str(exit_code))
sys.stdout.write('\n')
exit_code = 1
except Exception as e:
if not catch_exceptions:
raise
exception = e
exit_code = 1
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
finally:
sys.stdout.flush()
stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue()
stderr = outstreams[1] and outstreams[1].getvalue()
return Result(runner=self,
stdout_bytes=stdout,
stderr_bytes=stderr,
exit_code=exit_code,
exception=exception,
exc_info=exc_info)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolated_filesystem(self):
"""A context manager that creates a temporary folder and changes
the current working directory to it for isolated filesystem tests.
"""
cwd = os.getcwd()
t = tempfile.mkdtemp()
os.chdir(t)
try:
yield t
finally:
os.chdir(cwd)
try:
shutil.rmtree(t)
except (OSError, IOError):
pass

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@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
import os
import stat
from datetime import datetime
from ._compat import open_stream, text_type, filename_to_ui, \
get_filesystem_encoding, get_streerror, _get_argv_encoding, PY2
from .exceptions import BadParameter
from .utils import safecall, LazyFile
class ParamType(object):
"""Helper for converting values through types. The following is
necessary for a valid type:
* it needs a name
* it needs to pass through None unchanged
* it needs to convert from a string
* it needs to convert its result type through unchanged
(eg: needs to be idempotent)
* it needs to be able to deal with param and context being `None`.
This can be the case when the object is used with prompt
inputs.
"""
is_composite = False
#: the descriptive name of this type
name = None
#: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
#: string environment variable, this is what splits it up. `None`
#: means any whitespace. For all parameters the general rule is that
#: whitespace splits them up. The exception are paths and files which
#: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
#: Windows).
envvar_list_splitter = None
def __call__(self, value, param=None, ctx=None):
if value is not None:
return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
def get_metavar(self, param):
"""Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
def get_missing_message(self, param):
"""Optionally might return extra information about a missing
parameter.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
"""Converts the value. This is not invoked for values that are
`None` (the missing value).
"""
return value
def split_envvar_value(self, rv):
"""Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Otherwise, leading
and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
"""
return (rv or '').split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
def fail(self, message, param=None, ctx=None):
"""Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
class CompositeParamType(ParamType):
is_composite = True
@property
def arity(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
class FuncParamType(ParamType):
def __init__(self, func):
self.name = func.__name__
self.func = func
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return self.func(value)
except ValueError:
try:
value = text_type(value)
except UnicodeError:
value = str(value).decode('utf-8', 'replace')
self.fail(value, param, ctx)
class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType):
name = 'text'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
return value
def __repr__(self):
return 'UNPROCESSED'
class StringParamType(ParamType):
name = 'text'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
enc = _get_argv_encoding()
try:
value = value.decode(enc)
except UnicodeError:
fs_enc = get_filesystem_encoding()
if fs_enc != enc:
try:
value = value.decode(fs_enc)
except UnicodeError:
value = value.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return value
return value
def __repr__(self):
return 'STRING'
class Choice(ParamType):
"""The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set
of supported values. All of these values have to be strings.
You should only pass a list or tuple of choices. Other iterables
(like generators) may lead to surprising results.
See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
:param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case
insensitive. Defaults to true.
"""
name = 'choice'
def __init__(self, choices, case_sensitive=True):
self.choices = choices
self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
def get_metavar(self, param):
return '[%s]' % '|'.join(self.choices)
def get_missing_message(self, param):
return 'Choose from:\n\t%s.' % ',\n\t'.join(self.choices)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
# Exact match
if value in self.choices:
return value
# Match through normalization and case sensitivity
# first do token_normalize_func, then lowercase
# preserve original `value` to produce an accurate message in
# `self.fail`
normed_value = value
normed_choices = self.choices
if ctx is not None and \
ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(value)
normed_choices = [ctx.token_normalize_func(choice) for choice in
self.choices]
if not self.case_sensitive:
normed_value = normed_value.lower()
normed_choices = [choice.lower() for choice in normed_choices]
if normed_value in normed_choices:
return normed_value
self.fail('invalid choice: %s. (choose from %s)' %
(value, ', '.join(self.choices)), param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'Choice(%r)' % list(self.choices)
class DateTime(ParamType):
"""The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects.
The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some
common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats.
When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple.
Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results.
The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this
consequently defines the format strings which are allowed.
Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which
parses successfully is used.
:param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in
which they should be tried. Defaults to
``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``,
``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``.
"""
name = 'datetime'
def __init__(self, formats=None):
self.formats = formats or [
'%Y-%m-%d',
'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',
'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
]
def get_metavar(self, param):
return '[{}]'.format('|'.join(self.formats))
def _try_to_convert_date(self, value, format):
try:
return datetime.strptime(value, format)
except ValueError:
return None
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
# Exact match
for format in self.formats:
dtime = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format)
if dtime:
return dtime
self.fail(
'invalid datetime format: {}. (choose from {})'.format(
value, ', '.join(self.formats)))
def __repr__(self):
return 'DateTime'
class IntParamType(ParamType):
name = 'integer'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return int(value)
except (ValueError, UnicodeError):
self.fail('%s is not a valid integer' % value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'INT'
class IntRange(IntParamType):
"""A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.INT` but restricts
the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the
value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped
between the two edges.
See :ref:`ranges` for an example.
"""
name = 'integer range'
def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False):
self.min = min
self.max = max
self.clamp = clamp
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = IntParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx)
if self.clamp:
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min:
return self.min
if self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
return self.max
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min or \
self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
if self.min is None:
self.fail('%s is bigger than the maximum valid value '
'%s.' % (rv, self.max), param, ctx)
elif self.max is None:
self.fail('%s is smaller than the minimum valid value '
'%s.' % (rv, self.min), param, ctx)
else:
self.fail('%s is not in the valid range of %s to %s.'
% (rv, self.min, self.max), param, ctx)
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return 'IntRange(%r, %r)' % (self.min, self.max)
class FloatParamType(ParamType):
name = 'float'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return float(value)
except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
self.fail('%s is not a valid floating point value' %
value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'FLOAT'
class FloatRange(FloatParamType):
"""A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.FLOAT` but restricts
the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the
value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped
between the two edges.
See :ref:`ranges` for an example.
"""
name = 'float range'
def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False):
self.min = min
self.max = max
self.clamp = clamp
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = FloatParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx)
if self.clamp:
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min:
return self.min
if self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
return self.max
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min or \
self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
if self.min is None:
self.fail('%s is bigger than the maximum valid value '
'%s.' % (rv, self.max), param, ctx)
elif self.max is None:
self.fail('%s is smaller than the minimum valid value '
'%s.' % (rv, self.min), param, ctx)
else:
self.fail('%s is not in the valid range of %s to %s.'
% (rv, self.min, self.max), param, ctx)
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return 'FloatRange(%r, %r)' % (self.min, self.max)
class BoolParamType(ParamType):
name = 'boolean'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if isinstance(value, bool):
return bool(value)
value = value.lower()
if value in ('true', 't', '1', 'yes', 'y'):
return True
elif value in ('false', 'f', '0', 'no', 'n'):
return False
self.fail('%s is not a valid boolean' % value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'BOOL'
class UUIDParameterType(ParamType):
name = 'uuid'
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
import uuid
try:
if PY2 and isinstance(value, text_type):
value = value.encode('ascii')
return uuid.UUID(value)
except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
self.fail('%s is not a valid UUID value' % value, param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return 'UUID'
class File(ParamType):
"""Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing. The file
is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
finished working).
Files can be opened for reading or writing. The special value ``-``
indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
opened in binary mode or for writing. The encoding parameter can be used
to force a specific encoding.
The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon
first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output
streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a
file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but
will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening
for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed.
Starting with Click 2.0, files can also be opened atomically in which
case all writes go into a separate file in the same folder and upon
completion the file will be moved over to the original location. This
is useful if a file regularly read by other users is modified.
See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
"""
name = 'filename'
envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep
def __init__(self, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', lazy=None,
atomic=False):
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
self.errors = errors
self.lazy = lazy
self.atomic = atomic
def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value):
if self.lazy is not None:
return self.lazy
if value == '-':
return False
elif 'w' in self.mode:
return True
return False
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
if hasattr(value, 'read') or hasattr(value, 'write'):
return value
lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
if lazy:
f = LazyFile(value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors,
atomic=self.atomic)
if ctx is not None:
ctx.call_on_close(f.close_intelligently)
return f
f, should_close = open_stream(value, self.mode,
self.encoding, self.errors,
atomic=self.atomic)
# If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
# at the end of the context execution (or flush out). If a
# context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
# properly close the file. This for instance happens when the
# type is used with prompts.
if ctx is not None:
if should_close:
ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
else:
ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
return f
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
self.fail('Could not open file: %s: %s' % (
filename_to_ui(value),
get_streerror(e),
), param, ctx)
class Path(ParamType):
"""The path type is similar to the :class:`File` type but it performs
different checks. First of all, instead of returning an open file
handle it returns just the filename. Secondly, it can perform various
basic checks about what the file or directory should be.
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
`allow_dash` was added.
:param exists: if set to true, the file or directory needs to exist for
this value to be valid. If this is not required and a
file does indeed not exist, then all further checks are
silently skipped.
:param file_okay: controls if a file is a possible value.
:param dir_okay: controls if a directory is a possible value.
:param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
:param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
:param resolve_path: if this is true, then the path is fully resolved
before the value is passed onwards. This means
that it's absolute and symlinks are resolved. It
will not expand a tilde-prefix, as this is
supposed to be done by the shell only.
:param allow_dash: If this is set to `True`, a single dash to indicate
standard streams is permitted.
:param path_type: optionally a string type that should be used to
represent the path. The default is `None` which
means the return value will be either bytes or
unicode depending on what makes most sense given the
input data Click deals with.
"""
envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep
def __init__(self, exists=False, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True,
writable=False, readable=True, resolve_path=False,
allow_dash=False, path_type=None):
self.exists = exists
self.file_okay = file_okay
self.dir_okay = dir_okay
self.writable = writable
self.readable = readable
self.resolve_path = resolve_path
self.allow_dash = allow_dash
self.type = path_type
if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
self.name = 'file'
self.path_type = 'File'
elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
self.name = 'directory'
self.path_type = 'Directory'
else:
self.name = 'path'
self.path_type = 'Path'
def coerce_path_result(self, rv):
if self.type is not None and not isinstance(rv, self.type):
if self.type is text_type:
rv = rv.decode(get_filesystem_encoding())
else:
rv = rv.encode(get_filesystem_encoding())
return rv
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = value
is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b'-', '-')
if not is_dash:
if self.resolve_path:
rv = os.path.realpath(rv)
try:
st = os.stat(rv)
except OSError:
if not self.exists:
return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
self.fail('%s "%s" does not exist.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
self.fail('%s "%s" is a file.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
self.fail('%s "%s" is a directory.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if self.writable and not os.access(value, os.W_OK):
self.fail('%s "%s" is not writable.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
if self.readable and not os.access(value, os.R_OK):
self.fail('%s "%s" is not readable.' % (
self.path_type,
filename_to_ui(value)
), param, ctx)
return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
class Tuple(CompositeParamType):
"""The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
count and different types should be used for different items. In this
case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used. This type can only be used
if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
:param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
"""
def __init__(self, types):
self.types = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
@property
def name(self):
return "<" + " ".join(ty.name for ty in self.types) + ">"
@property
def arity(self):
return len(self.types)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if len(value) != len(self.types):
raise TypeError('It would appear that nargs is set to conflict '
'with the composite type arity.')
return tuple(ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value))
def convert_type(ty, default=None):
"""Converts a callable or python ty into the most appropriate param
ty.
"""
guessed_type = False
if ty is None and default is not None:
if isinstance(default, tuple):
ty = tuple(map(type, default))
else:
ty = type(default)
guessed_type = True
if isinstance(ty, tuple):
return Tuple(ty)
if isinstance(ty, ParamType):
return ty
if ty is text_type or ty is str or ty is None:
return STRING
if ty is int:
return INT
# Booleans are only okay if not guessed. This is done because for
# flags the default value is actually a bit of a lie in that it
# indicates which of the flags is the one we want. See get_default()
# for more information.
if ty is bool and not guessed_type:
return BOOL
if ty is float:
return FLOAT
if guessed_type:
return STRING
# Catch a common mistake
if __debug__:
try:
if issubclass(ty, ParamType):
raise AssertionError('Attempted to use an uninstantiated '
'parameter type (%s).' % ty)
except TypeError:
pass
return FuncParamType(ty)
#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing. From a user's
#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but internally
#: no string conversion takes place. This is necessary to achieve the
#: same bytes/unicode behavior on Python 2/3 in situations where you want
#: to not convert argument types. This is usually useful when working
#: with file paths as they can appear in bytes and unicode.
#:
#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
#: it is is provided.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType()
#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default. This
#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
STRING = StringParamType()
#: An integer parameter. This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
#: type.
INT = IntParamType()
#: A floating point value parameter. This can also be selected by using
#: ``float`` as type.
FLOAT = FloatParamType()
#: A boolean parameter. This is the default for boolean flags. This can
#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
BOOL = BoolParamType()
#: A UUID parameter.
UUID = UUIDParameterType()

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@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
import os
import sys
from .globals import resolve_color_default
from ._compat import text_type, open_stream, get_filesystem_encoding, \
get_streerror, string_types, PY2, binary_streams, text_streams, \
filename_to_ui, auto_wrap_for_ansi, strip_ansi, should_strip_ansi, \
_default_text_stdout, _default_text_stderr, is_bytes, WIN
if not PY2:
from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
elif WIN:
from ._winconsole import _get_windows_argv, \
_hash_py_argv, _initial_argv_hash
echo_native_types = string_types + (bytes, bytearray)
def _posixify(name):
return '-'.join(name.split()).lower()
def safecall(func):
"""Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception:
pass
return wrapper
def make_str(value):
"""Converts a value into a valid string."""
if isinstance(value, bytes):
try:
return value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding())
except UnicodeError:
return value.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
return text_type(value)
def make_default_short_help(help, max_length=45):
"""Return a condensed version of help string."""
words = help.split()
total_length = 0
result = []
done = False
for word in words:
if word[-1:] == '.':
done = True
new_length = result and 1 + len(word) or len(word)
if total_length + new_length > max_length:
result.append('...')
done = True
else:
if result:
result.append(' ')
result.append(word)
if done:
break
total_length += new_length
return ''.join(result)
class LazyFile(object):
"""A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
filename parameter does make sense. This is useful for safely opening
files for writing.
"""
def __init__(self, filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict',
atomic=False):
self.name = filename
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
self.errors = errors
self.atomic = atomic
if filename == '-':
self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode,
encoding, errors)
else:
if 'r' in mode:
# Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
# reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
# some cases early.
open(filename, mode).close()
self._f = None
self.should_close = True
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.open(), name)
def __repr__(self):
if self._f is not None:
return repr(self._f)
return '<unopened file %r %s>' % (self.name, self.mode)
def open(self):
"""Opens the file if it's not yet open. This call might fail with
a :exc:`FileError`. Not handling this error will produce an error
that Click shows.
"""
if self._f is not None:
return self._f
try:
rv, self.should_close = open_stream(self.name, self.mode,
self.encoding,
self.errors,
atomic=self.atomic)
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
from .exceptions import FileError
raise FileError(self.name, hint=get_streerror(e))
self._f = rv
return rv
def close(self):
"""Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
if self._f is not None:
self._f.close()
def close_intelligently(self):
"""This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
file wrapper. For instance this will never close stdin.
"""
if self.should_close:
self.close()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.close_intelligently()
def __iter__(self):
self.open()
return iter(self._f)
class KeepOpenFile(object):
def __init__(self, file):
self._file = file
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._file, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
pass
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._file)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._file)
def echo(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None):
"""Prints a message plus a newline to the given file or stdout. On
first sight, this looks like the print function, but it has improved
support for handling Unicode and binary data that does not fail no
matter how badly configured the system is.
Primarily it means that you can print binary data as well as Unicode
data on both 2.x and 3.x to the given file in the most appropriate way
possible. This is a very carefree function in that it will try its
best to not fail. As of Click 6.0 this includes support for unicode
output on the Windows console.
In addition to that, if `colorama`_ is installed, the echo function will
also support clever handling of ANSI codes. Essentially it will then
do the following:
- add transparent handling of ANSI color codes on Windows.
- hide ANSI codes automatically if the destination file is not a
terminal.
.. _colorama: https://pypi.org/project/colorama/
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
As of Click 6.0 the echo function will properly support unicode
output on the windows console. Not that click does not modify
the interpreter in any way which means that `sys.stdout` or the
print statement or function will still not provide unicode support.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Starting with version 2.0 of Click, the echo function will work
with colorama if it's installed.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
The `err` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the `color` flag.
:param message: the message to print
:param file: the file to write to (defaults to ``stdout``)
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``. This is faster and easier than calling
:func:`get_text_stderr` yourself.
:param nl: if set to `True` (the default) a newline is printed afterwards.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection.
"""
if file is None:
if err:
file = _default_text_stderr()
else:
file = _default_text_stdout()
# Convert non bytes/text into the native string type.
if message is not None and not isinstance(message, echo_native_types):
message = text_type(message)
if nl:
message = message or u''
if isinstance(message, text_type):
message += u'\n'
else:
message += b'\n'
# If there is a message, and we're in Python 3, and the value looks
# like bytes, we manually need to find the binary stream and write the
# message in there. This is done separately so that most stream
# types will work as you would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO
# for other cases.
if message and not PY2 and is_bytes(message):
binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
if binary_file is not None:
file.flush()
binary_file.write(message)
binary_file.flush()
return
# ANSI-style support. If there is no message or we are dealing with
# bytes nothing is happening. If we are connected to a file we want
# to strip colors. If we are on windows we either wrap the stream
# to strip the color or we use the colorama support to translate the
# ansi codes to API calls.
if message and not is_bytes(message):
color = resolve_color_default(color)
if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
message = strip_ansi(message)
elif WIN:
if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file)
elif not color:
message = strip_ansi(message)
if message:
file.write(message)
file.flush()
def get_binary_stream(name):
"""Returns a system stream for byte processing. This essentially
returns the stream from the sys module with the given name but it
solves some compatibility issues between different Python versions.
Primarily this function is necessary for getting binary streams on
Python 3.
:param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
"""
opener = binary_streams.get(name)
if opener is None:
raise TypeError('Unknown standard stream %r' % name)
return opener()
def get_text_stream(name, encoding=None, errors='strict'):
"""Returns a system stream for text processing. This usually returns
a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
:func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts on Python 3
for already correctly configured streams.
:param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
:param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
:param errors: overrides the default error mode.
"""
opener = text_streams.get(name)
if opener is None:
raise TypeError('Unknown standard stream %r' % name)
return opener(encoding, errors)
def open_file(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict',
lazy=False, atomic=False):
"""This is similar to how the :class:`File` works but for manual
usage. Files are opened non lazy by default. This can open regular
files as well as stdin/stdout if ``'-'`` is passed.
If stdin/stdout is returned the stream is wrapped so that the context
manager will not close the stream accidentally. This makes it possible
to always use the function like this without having to worry to
accidentally close a standard stream::
with open_file(filename) as f:
...
.. versionadded:: 3.0
:param filename: the name of the file to open (or ``'-'`` for stdin/stdout).
:param mode: the mode in which to open the file.
:param encoding: the encoding to use.
:param errors: the error handling for this file.
:param lazy: can be flipped to true to open the file lazily.
:param atomic: in atomic mode writes go into a temporary file and it's
moved on close.
"""
if lazy:
return LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors,
atomic=atomic)
if not should_close:
f = KeepOpenFile(f)
return f
def get_os_args():
"""This returns the argument part of sys.argv in the most appropriate
form for processing. What this means is that this return value is in
a format that works for Click to process but does not necessarily
correspond well to what's actually standard for the interpreter.
On most environments the return value is ``sys.argv[:1]`` unchanged.
However if you are on Windows and running Python 2 the return value
will actually be a list of unicode strings instead because the
default behavior on that platform otherwise will not be able to
carry all possible values that sys.argv can have.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
"""
# We can only extract the unicode argv if sys.argv has not been
# changed since the startup of the application.
if PY2 and WIN and _initial_argv_hash == _hash_py_argv():
return _get_windows_argv()
return sys.argv[1:]
def format_filename(filename, shorten=False):
"""Formats a filename for user display. The main purpose of this
function is to ensure that the filename can be displayed at all. This
will decode the filename to unicode if necessary in a way that it will
not fail. Optionally, it can shorten the filename to not include the
full path to the filename.
:param filename: formats a filename for UI display. This will also convert
the filename into unicode without failing.
:param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
path that leads up to it.
"""
if shorten:
filename = os.path.basename(filename)
return filename_to_ui(filename)
def get_app_dir(app_name, roaming=True, force_posix=False):
r"""Returns the config folder for the application. The default behavior
is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
the following folders could be returned:
Mac OS X:
``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
Mac OS X (POSIX):
``~/.foo-bar``
Unix:
``~/.config/foo-bar``
Unix (POSIX):
``~/.foo-bar``
Win XP (roaming):
``C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\Foo Bar``
Win XP (not roaming):
``C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\Foo Bar``
Win 7 (roaming):
``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
Win 7 (not roaming):
``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param app_name: the application name. This should be properly capitalized
and can contain whitespace.
:param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
Has no affect otherwise.
:param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
application support folder.
"""
if WIN:
key = roaming and 'APPDATA' or 'LOCALAPPDATA'
folder = os.environ.get(key)
if folder is None:
folder = os.path.expanduser('~')
return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
if force_posix:
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~/.' + _posixify(app_name)))
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(
'~/Library/Application Support'), app_name)
return os.path.join(
os.environ.get('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.config')),
_posixify(app_name))
class PacifyFlushWrapper(object):
"""This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting
from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC
of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on
``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any
other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken
pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied.
"""
def __init__(self, wrapped):
self.wrapped = wrapped
def flush(self):
try:
self.wrapped.flush()
except IOError as e:
import errno
if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
raise
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
"""Run the EasyInstall command"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
main()

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pip

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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2016 Nathaniel J. Smith <njs@pobox.com> and other contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: h11
Version: 0.9.0
Summary: A pure-Python, bring-your-own-I/O implementation of HTTP/1.1
Home-page: https://github.com/python-hyper/h11
Author: Nathaniel J. Smith
Author-email: njs@pobox.com
License: MIT
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
h11
===
.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11.svg?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11
:alt: Automated test status
.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11
:alt: Test coverage
.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/h11/badge/?version=latest
:target: http://h11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
:alt: Documentation Status
This is a little HTTP/1.1 library written from scratch in Python,
heavily inspired by `hyper-h2 <https://hyper-h2.readthedocs.io/>`_.
It's a "bring-your-own-I/O" library; h11 contains no IO code
whatsoever. This means you can hook h11 up to your favorite network
API, and that could be anything you want: synchronous, threaded,
asynchronous, or your own implementation of `RFC 6214
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6214>`_ -- h11 won't judge you.
(Compare this to the current state of the art, where every time a `new
network API <https://trio.readthedocs.io/>`_ comes along then someone
gets to start over reimplementing the entire HTTP protocol from
scratch.) Cory Benfield made an `excellent blog post describing the
benefits of this approach
<https://lukasa.co.uk/2015/10/The_New_Hyper/>`_, or if you like video
then here's his `PyCon 2016 talk on the same theme
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cC3_jGwl_U>`_.
This also means that h11 is not immediately useful out of the box:
it's a toolkit for building programs that speak HTTP, not something
that could directly replace ``requests`` or ``twisted.web`` or
whatever. But h11 makes it much easier to implement something like
``requests`` or ``twisted.web``.
At a high level, working with h11 goes like this:
1) First, create an ``h11.Connection`` object to track the state of a
single HTTP/1.1 connection.
2) When you read data off the network, pass it to
``conn.receive_data(...)``; you'll get back a list of objects
representing high-level HTTP "events".
3) When you want to send a high-level HTTP event, create the
corresponding "event" object and pass it to ``conn.send(...)``;
this will give you back some bytes that you can then push out
through the network.
For example, a client might instantiate and then send a
``h11.Request`` object, then zero or more ``h11.Data`` objects for the
request body (e.g., if this is a POST), and then a
``h11.EndOfMessage`` to indicate the end of the message. Then the
server would then send back a ``h11.Response``, some ``h11.Data``, and
its own ``h11.EndOfMessage``. If either side violates the protocol,
you'll get a ``h11.ProtocolError`` exception.
h11 is suitable for implementing both servers and clients, and has a
pleasantly symmetric API: the events you send as a client are exactly
the ones that you receive as a server and vice-versa.
`Here's an example of a tiny HTTP client
<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/examples/basic-client.py>`_
It also has `a fine manual <https://h11.readthedocs.io/>`_.
FAQ
---
*Whyyyyy?*
I wanted to play with HTTP in `Curio
<https://curio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html>`__ and `Trio
<https://trio.readthedocs.io>`__, which at the time didn't have any
HTTP libraries. So I thought, no big deal, Python has, like, a dozen
different implementations of HTTP, surely I can find one that's
reusable. I didn't find one, but I did find Cory's call-to-arms
blog-post. So I figured, well, fine, if I have to implement HTTP from
scratch, at least I can make sure no-one *else* has to ever again.
*Should I use it?*
Maybe. You should be aware that it's a very young project. But, it's
feature complete and has an exhaustive test-suite and complete docs,
so the next step is for people to try using it and see how it goes
:-). If you do then please let us know -- if nothing else we'll want
to talk to you before making any incompatible changes!
*What are the features/limitations?*
Roughly speaking, it's trying to be a robust, complete, and non-hacky
implementation of the first "chapter" of the HTTP/1.1 spec: `RFC 7230:
HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230>`_. That is, it mostly focuses on
implementing HTTP at the level of taking bytes on and off the wire,
and the headers related to that, and tries to be anal about spec
conformance. It doesn't know about higher-level concerns like URL
routing, conditional GETs, cross-origin cookie policies, or content
negotiation. But it does know how to take care of framing,
cross-version differences in keep-alive handling, and the "obsolete
line folding" rule, so you can focus your energies on the hard /
interesting parts for your application, and it tries to support the
full specification in the sense that any useful HTTP/1.1 conformant
application should be able to use h11.
It's pure Python, and has no dependencies outside of the standard
library.
It has a test suite with 100.0% coverage for both statements and
branches.
Currently it supports Python 3 (testing on 3.4-3.7), Python 2.7, and PyPy.
(Originally it had a Cython wrapper for `http-parser
<https://github.com/nodejs/http-parser>`_ and a beautiful nested state
machine implemented with ``yield from`` to postprocess the output. But
I had to take these out -- the new *parser* needs fewer lines-of-code
than the old *parser wrapper*, is written in pure Python, uses no
exotic language syntax, and has more features. It's sad, really; that
old state machine was really slick. I just need a few sentences here
to mourn that.)
I don't know how fast it is. I haven't benchmarked or profiled it yet,
so it's probably got a few pointless hot spots, and I've been trying
to err on the side of simplicity and robustness instead of
micro-optimization. But at the architectural level I tried hard to
avoid fundamentally bad decisions, e.g., I believe that all the
parsing algorithms remain linear-time even in the face of pathological
input like slowloris, and there are no byte-by-byte loops. (I also
believe that it maintains bounded memory usage in the face of
arbitrary/pathological input.)
The whole library is ~800 lines-of-code. You can read and understand
the whole thing in less than an hour. Most of the energy invested in
this so far has been spent on trying to keep things simple by
minimizing special-cases and ad hoc state manipulation; even though it
is now quite small and simple, I'm still annoyed that I haven't
figured out how to make it even smaller and simpler. (Unfortunately,
HTTP does not lend itself to simplicity.)
The API is ~feature complete and I don't expect the general outlines
to change much, but you can't judge an API's ergonomics until you
actually document and use it, so I'd expect some changes in the
details.
*How do I try it?*
.. code-block:: sh
$ pip install h11
$ git clone git@github.com:python-hyper/h11
$ cd h11/examples
$ python basic-client.py
and go from there.
*License?*
MIT
*Code of conduct?*
Contributors are requested to follow our `code of conduct
<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md>`_ in
all project spaces.

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